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Chapter 9. Suicide

Terms in this set (48)

9a)
What Is Suicide, and What Triggers a Suicide?
After the suicide of musician Kurt Cobain, some people worried that many of his young fans would try to emulate his behavior and attempt to kill themselves. In response to this, MTV (Music Television) broadcasted a repeated theme designed to prevent suicide rates from rising in the aftermath of Cobain's death. Their efforts were apparently successful, as the suicide rate in both Seattle (Cobain's hometown) and elsewhere stayed the same for weeks after the incident. Which was the message that MTV aired over and over again?
"Don't do it!"
Three times as many ___attempt suicide, yet _____are four times MORE likely to succeed.
women; men
Suicide programs that are activated following an individual's suicide are referred to as:
postvention
Sixty-eight-year-old Ruth suffers from advanced breast cancer that has spread to her lymph nodes. Her doctors have told her that there are no more treatments that they can offer her, and have suggested that she consider enhancing the quality of the short time she has left instead of continuing to fight what will be a losing battle. Ruth is not ready to give up, yet she seems to constantly mismanage her medications. She takes the wrong doses, sometimes takes the wrong pills, and occasionally "forgets" to take any medications. One afternoon, she took two pills that should never be mixed, resulting in her death. According to Edwin Shneidman, this may be an example of:
subintentional death.
Researchers have found a heightened risk for suicidal behavior among all of the following people EXCEPT those who:
live with other people.
Zoe's child recently died in a terrible car accident and Zoe is finding it extremely difficult to cope. One afternoon, her neighbors look up to find her standing on the roof of her three-story apartment building. The police arrive on the scene and try to talk her down. She listens to what they have to say, and at one moment, she seems to change her mind. However, she falls off the ledge. Her neighbors do not know if her death was an accident or on purpose. According to Edwin Shneidman, Zoe was a death:
darer
According to Edwin Shneidman, the concept of _____is the key to suicide.
psychache
Willow has been really struggling. Her husband left her for her best friend, and Willow cannot get over the betrayal. She has been having misgivings about committing suicide, but one morning she wakes up and she is sure it is the path she wants to take. She swallows a handful of pills and washes them down with a bottle of strong alcohol. In a short time, she is dead. According to Edwin Shneidman, Willow was a death:
seeker
Based solely on his or her occupation, who is LEAST likely to commit suicide?
Gwen, the librarian
Ugo suffers from Alzheimer's disorder. He constantly forgets to take his medications, and when he does, he sometimes mixes them up. One day, he takes two pills that should not be mixed together, and this causes his death. Ugo's behavior would most likely NOT be considered subintentional because:
Ugo's disease makes his memory inaccurate, he is not passively trying to end his own life.
Who is LEAST likely to commit suicide?
Ollie, the recently-adopted orphan
9b)
What Are the Underlying Causes of Suicide?; Is Suicide Linked to Age?; Treatment & Suicide
A major controversy in the clinical field pertains to whether _____is/are highly dangerous for depressed children and teenagers.
antidepressants
A counselor tries to negotiate a _____contract with a suicidal caller. This is a promise not to attempt suicide, or at least a promise to reestablish contact if the caller again considers suicide.
no-suicide
Which is NOT a sociological finding regarding suicide?
Research suggests that suicidal people are dominated by intense feelings of anger.
Dr. Cary guides her suicidal clients to become acutely aware of painful thoughts and feelings, and to accept many of them rather than try to eliminate them. She is practicing _____cognitive therapy?
mindfulness-based
Marie Asberg's research in 1976 showed that low serotonin levels correlate with a:
higher risk of suicide.
In one study, _____of adolescent suicide attempters reported that they had not received any help after trying to end their lives.
one-third
The number of teenagers who attempt to kill themselves far outnumber those who actually succeed in ending their lives. It is estimated that for every completed teen suicide, there are as many as _____attempts.
200
The first suicide-prevention program in the United States was established in _____ in 1955.
Los Angeles, California
_____referred to suicide as "murder in the 180th" degree, emphasizing the idea that suicide is an internalization of aggression and anger that is really focused on another person.
Karl Menninger
According to the text, restricting access to firearms as a suicide prevention measure:
may increase suicide by other means.
The word "anomie," which is at the heart of one of the three types of suicide proposed by Emile Durkheim, literally means:
without law.
Shannon works at suicide call center. She receives a call from a person in crisis and does the following: establishes a rapport; acquires the caller's name, location, and telephone number; assesses their suicide potential; and attempts to mobilize their resources. Which of her actions is NOT one of her initial responsibilities?
getting the caller's name, location, and telephone number
The activity of the neurotransmitter _____tends to be low in people who commit suicide.
serotonin
Dr. Fontane has a number of suicidal clients and is trying to figure out the BEST treatment approach. According to the text, the _____is particularly helpful for treating suicidal people.
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Mara is a crisis worker at a Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center. When someone calls in, she fills out a _____, which is a questionnaire to estimate the caller's potential for suicide.
lethality scale
Research on autopsy findings suggested that those with _____were MORE likely to have died from suicide than those who did not have this abnormality.
fewer receptors for serotonin
As a war protest, Buddhist monk Shi commits suicide by setting himself on fire in the town square. Emile Durkheim might consider this a(n) _____suicide.
altruistic
Rodney rejects the structures of society. He thinks that family and religion are both meaningless and hypocritical institutions used by the powerful to enforce control. Rodney feels isolated and alienated and commits suicide. Emile Durkheim would consider this a(n) _____suicide.
egoistic
After her favorite uncle died, Mayra unconsciously incorporated him into her own identity and began to feel toward herself what she had felt toward her uncle. In other words, she _____her dead uncle.
introjected
quiz
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Men commit suicide with far greater frequency than women do, although women attempt to kill themselves quite a bit more frequently than men do. One reason for this involves the methods the different genders choose for committing suicide, with men relying on violent means, such as the use firearms, with greater frequency. Annually, around _____ percent of all male suicides involve the use of a gun, as compared with only _____ percent of female suicides.
56; 31
Which group has the highest suicide rate in the United States?
Costa Rican
Many theorists have argued that _____ is the ultimate form of suicide prevention.
education
Which is NOT one of the initial responsibilities of a counselor at a suicide-prevention program when responding to a caller?
alerting law-enforcement authorities to the caller
Research indicates that _____ therapy may be of the MOST help for suicidal individuals.
cognitive-behavioral
In 1997, the state of _____ passed the "Death with Dignity" Act, which allows a physician to assist with a suicide by administering a lethal dose of drugs, provided that several diagnostic criteria have been met and multiple factors are considered.
oregon
Clinical depression appears to play a role in approximately _____ percent of suicides by the elderly.
60
The extreme suicide rates found on American Indian reservations are called _____ suicides.
cluster
Which influential psychiatrist referred to suicide as "murder in the 180th" degree, emphasizing the idea that suicide is an internalization of aggression and anger that is really focused on another person?
Karl Menninger
Pamela tends to see the world in black-and-white, seeing things in either/or terms and frequently using the word "only." Cognitive theorists would describe this as a(n) _____ thinking pattern.
Dichotomous
Research suggests that as many as 70 percent of all suicide victims had been experiencing:
severe depression.
Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia reflects:
a fear of further mental deterioration
In support of Freud's view, researchers have found a relationship between _____ and later suicidal behaviors.
childhood loss
A study of 343 depressed people found that those who felt rejected or neglected by their _____ as children were more likely than others to attempt suicide as adults. parents
parents
Which group has the highest suicide rate in the United States?
American Indians
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