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Wildlands Final

Terms in this set (36)

What were some flora and fauna saw on Orpheus Island that we didn't see elsewhere?
Black spotted whipray, black saddle eel, common reef octopus, heart urchin, green tree frog
What is an idiot fruit and what did we learn about it at DRO?
- Thought to be extinct before, rediscovered by farmer bc his cows were dying so he killed all of it that he could see
- Seed dispensers are extinct so it can't spread anymore
How did we measure trees at DRO?
- DBH (1.25 m, use DBH tape to wrap around tree) and clinometer (walk backwards until you can see the top of the tree and measure the grade of the bottom and top of the tree)
- Measure the health of the trees
- Distance from tree (bottom grade + top grade) = height of tree
Describe the three types of interactions described in reading M9: ecosystem based management of coral reefs under climate change.
- Synergistic: combined impact exceeds the sum of individual impacts. Ex: triton snails dying and nutrient run off causes extra bad crown of thorns survival
- Additive: combined impact is equal to the sum of their individual. Ex: sed
- Antagonistic: combined impact is less than the sum of their individual impacts. Ex: sedimentation and nutrient loss
Be able to explain the concept of seasonal calendar and give specific examples.
- use of different species, flora and fauna, to notify people of the changes in seasons, phenology (timing of organism life histories)
- Blooming of yellow wattle flower means it's a good time to fish or hunt turtles
Know the words we learned with Marilyn and what they mean in English.
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Know all the aboriginal terms we discussed with Marilyn at Bana Yarralji. Which language does Marilyn speak? What other languages were discussed?
- Juku Nyungkal
- Kuku Yulangi
Describe the traditional and modern social laws and customs we learned about from our time at Bana Yarralji.
- Kurma: cookouts dome during weddings and sorry business (grieving and funerals)
- Ask aunt and uncle about marriage
- Ironwood smoke out
- Verbal agreements, talk about problems
- Adoption: very common,
- Counsel of elders
- If parents split up the father usually takes the kid
- 15-17 they leave their families, when they know right from wrong
Describe some of the problems faced by modern aboriginal communities and some of the events that have affected aboriginal communities since european contact. describe how the events are linked to the problems. How are aboriginal communities responding to these problems?
- discrimination, alcoholism, segregation, depression, laziness stereotypes, disproportionately high incarceration, stolen generation (loss of identity), loss of language and land, Christianity conversion through coercion
- Reconciliation (forgiveness and trying to mend friendships), education others and their youth, motivating their youth to stay in the culture, reclaiming their land through native title laws
What kind of forest did we walk through on our way to the waterfall with Horace?
- Jarraerbina
What did we learn about the rock art at Laura (the split rock site)? How old is it? What kinds of different figures did we see and how are they interpreted? What are quinkans?
- Anything with a dingo was less than 4,000 years
- Probably at least 13,000 years
- Painted over themselves
- Skinny spirits were good ones and knobby elbowed were evil spirits- quinkans
- Upside down person is a dead person, sideways person is cursed
- Echidna, gar fish, turtle, wallaby, dingo, platypus, humans
What is unique about the wet tropics?
- Wet tropics are only here
- Very very old, one of the oldest rainforests in the world, 4x older than the Amazon, 135 million years old
- Skinny, limited area
- Lots of endemic species
- Contracted and expanded over millennia but there's always been a place that's stuck around (Daintree) (refugia- climate has dried out a lot but it's still chillin in certain isolated pockets
- Living fossils like the cycad, cassowary, idiot tree, king fern
What are the four criteria for a UNESCO natural world heritage site? Which do the wet tropics satisfy? Describe how.
- United Nations education scientific and cultural organization
- It's pretty, represents earth history (living fossils), ecological significance, significant hotspot of conservation (endemic species)
- Wet tropics defends all of them
How many UNESCO world heritage sites will we visit on this course? Name them.
2 wet tropics and the GBR
What are some threats to Cassowaries? What is the biggest threat? What causes the most Cassowary death?
Cars (biggest), fragmentation, cats and dogs,
What does C4 stand for? What do they do?
- Community for Costal and cassowary conservation
- Build corridors, plant trees/reforestation, actively political, buy land and combat urbanization efforts,
How have our views of the wet tropics changed since european colonization?
- 00 to 50 farm land, cultivation
- 30 to 60 logging, Claude trees
- After 80's for aesthetic, tourism, and oldness
What types of mangroves did we learn about on the crock tour?
Red, orange, looking glass, cannonball, and apple
What is unique about where mangroves live? How do they cope with that environment?
- They live in an anoxic environment and they cope by making snorkels and prop roots
- High salinity environments adapt by excreting salt from their leaves
- Different shaped propagules (germinate seedlings on tree and then drop it)
Why are mangroves important?
- They provide protective habitat for many species including a lot of juveniles
- Nurseries
- Reduce sedimentation and erosion
- Protection from wave energy from storms
- Leaf litter provides extra nutrients and makes soil more nutrient rich
What's the technical name for the forest type we saw in the DRO's canopy crane? Be able to explain each part of the name.
complex (different canopy heights) mesophyll (medium leaves) vine forest 1A (soil type)
Know the live bugs and the "special" bugs (biggest, heaviest, Australian beetle, australian butterfly/moth) we saw at the entomological museum.
- Peppermint Walking Stick, Megacrania batesii
- Hercules Caterpillar: Coscinocera hercules
- Spiny Leaf Insect: Extatosoma tiaratun
- Heaviest: Megasoma mars
- Largest: Titanus gigantues
- Aus Beetle: Merimna atrata
- Aus Butterfly: Ogyris amaryllis
What are the aboriginal and english names for the waterfall we visited?
- Bloomfield Falls- Wujal wujal (many falls)
- Annon Falls
What are the common and scientific names of the main aquatic invertebrates we saw at the waterfall?
- Caddisfly: Trichoptera
- Stonefly: Plecoptera
- Mayfly: Ephemeroptera
- Dragonflies and Damselflies: Odonta
Where have we been? Be able to approximately locate places we've been to since Yank's Jetty on a map of Queensland.
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Know the details of the route we took on our backpacking trip. Know the name of the national park, the names of campsites, the names of major rivers we were near or crossed, which way they flowed, and general direction we hiked. What were some flora and fauna we saw there that we didn't see anywhere else?
- Wooroonooran National Park
- Goldsborough Campsite, Mulgrave River Spillway Campsite, Boulders Campsite at Babinda
- Goldfield Walking Track, walking southeast
- Mulgrave River (upstream until the peak of the hike) and Babinda Creek (downriver among tributaries leading to the river)
- Sawmouth Freshwater turtles, king fern, Hercules mouth
Why is seagrass important? What are the major threats to seagrass? Who are it's major herbivores? Are herbivores a threat? Why or why not?
-only flowering plant in sea, 30x more animals in there than sandy, 35x better at carbon sequestration than amazon, primary food for dugongs, important nursery habitat
- Major herbivores are dugongs, turtles, fish, urchins, and small invertebrates
- Cyclones, floods/runoff, ports/shipping
- Yes and no. They can decimate a sea grass field. They can disperse seeds, can eat epiphytes, clip and change heights. Overgrazing and rip up rhizomes.
Describe the main questions Abbi Scott is asking with her PhD research. Describe her basic experimental methods.
- She's asking what herbivores are eating the sea grass beds and why they eat certain species
- Exclusionary chambers
- Moved blades to new habitat and tracked new herbivory in 3 days
- Took cores to get species composition, herbivory, and look at root vs shoot biomass
- Mapped where sea grass was and wasn't with helicopters, snorkeling, and boats
Why are blue and purple excluded from the coral health color matching cards we read about in M8 (Sieback et al. 2006)?
- Blue and purple are the color of the polyps and not the Zooxanthellae
Did the cards used in M8 improve the quality of citizen science? Why or why not?
- They split the sections into
- Consistent but maybe not the most accurate, however they were accurate enough to predict changes over time
M3D How does the productivity of coral reefs differ from that of the tropical open oceans that surround them? What factors account for this difference?
- Way higher, very low outside of the reefs, close to 0
- Shallow areas have higher sunlight and therefore photosynthesis and ability for corals to grow, nutrient cycling (wall of mouths= the wall of fish that stop nutrients from drifting away from the reefs, fish capture nutrients) low in nutrients but high in productivity
What are the main components of terrestrial runoff that affect coral reefs in the waters surrounding the GBR? How have the amounts of these runoff components changed in the last 150 years? Describe how each affects corals.
- Sedimentation blocks light
- Runoff feeds competing algae
Describe the four major concepts from the "systems thinking reading" (M10).
- Systems thinking (everything is interconnected), system feeling (having emotions and including them in actions) system being (actually applying the thoughts and actions), evolutionary leadership
Describe the seven determinants of success when attempting to integrate indigenous cultural knowledge with scientific knowledge (M11). Which is most important and why?
- Building relationships is the most important because establishing trust is the most important for working together in a successful and lasting fashion. Boundaries, expectations, and equal partnership
- Building trust
What problems has the Australian government had in successfully engaging with indigenous communites when it comes to water management? What solutions were presented in the MacLean & Bana Yarralji Bubu Inc. 2015 paper (M12)?
- Not consulting the aboriginal people or looking into where the
- Not looking at culture as more than just stories but looking at the land
- Limit indigenous knowledge and engagement
- Lack of culturally important documentation
- Solutions include listening to indigenous people to keep it's importance and value while still completing the water needs
- Having a boundary, a photo voice (recording language, taking photos of sacred places)
- Giving aboriginal people a voice early on and respecting their land and culture
- Integrate aboriginal knowledge more than before
- Allowing aboriginal people to look over research before
What is wilderness spirituality? Why is the definition of wilderness contentious? What do people most associate with wilderness spirituality, according to the research presented in M14)?
- Ambiguous bc both words are personal descriptions
- Being in nature and having an experience that deepens thought process of alters your state of being or mind
- Contentious bc we don't have a solid definition for wilderness or spirituality
- Most people associate wilderness spirituality with harmony, peace, tranquilly, solitude
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