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Social Psych Chapter 13

Terms in this set (44)

prosocial behavior
any behavior to benefit another or society
altruistic helping
ultimate goal is to increase another's welfare, not for self; vs egotistic helping
inclusive fitness
when altruism increases the odds of evolutionary success (reciprocal and kinship selection facilitate this)
reciprocal altruism
type of altruism that facilitates inclusive fitness; where you are expected to be helped in return, reciprocated, helping non relatives who reciprocate the favor
kinship selection
type of altruism that facilitates inclusive fitness; the idea that we are more likely to help those who we are genetically related to; trying to select for our genetic materials
reciprocity
a social norm of helping; we help those who help us (especially in ublic/small groups/familiar others)
- feel compelled to repay because we know others will know about it
guilty
if we are unable to reciprocate, it makes us feel bad, we feel ______, beacuse it may show that we are needy or dependent
social responsibility
social norm of helping where we are helping ohters in need who are dependent on us (young children/elderly); higher in collectivist cultures
social justice
social norm of helping where we help people that we feel deserve our help; it comes down to the attributions we make for why they need help
-is it controllable or not? do they deserve sympathy?
just world belief
the idea that you get what you deserve; the world is fair; bad things happen to bad people; victim blaming; less sympathy and helping

-- if no reason for victim blaming then sympathy and anger (like 9/11 where bad things happened to good people)
men
gender that is more likely to help in emergency situations, physical activity, one time helping situations
women
gender that is more likely to help in longer term helping situations, everyday helping, social support, and taking care of an elderly parent
more
women, children, attractive and outgoing people are ______ likely to ask for help
less
people with high self esteem are _____ likely to ask for help
bystander apathy
individuals in a group are less likely to give help than if they were alone BECAUSE of diffusion of responsibility
diffusion of responsility
the tendency for each group member to dilute personal responsibility for acting by spreading among other group members; assume someone else called 911
Decision Making Model
1. notice the situation
2. interpret
3. take responsibility
4. skills
5. provide help
notice
Decision Making Model
1. ______ the situation
2. interpret
3. take responsibility
4. skills
5. provide help
interpret
Decision Making Model
1. notice the situation
2. ______
3. take responsibility
4. skills
5. provide help
responsibility
Decision Making Model
1. notice the situation
2. interpret
3. take __________
4. skills
5. provide help
skills
Decision Making Model
1. notice the situation
2. interpret
3. take responsibility
4. ______
5. provide help
help
Decision Making Model
1. notice the situation
2. interpret
3. take responsibility
4. skills
5. provide ______
urban overload hypothesis
the hypothesis that the stimulation of large cities decreases awareness of surroundings and decreases helping; you have to tune others out
notice
the first step of the Decision Making Model; lots of people/distractions, mind you own business, being self-focused, urban overload hypothesis
interpret
the second step of the Decision Making Model; social comparison, if no one else seems to notice or response then probably won't; pluralistic ignornace; ambiguous situations (idk you or idk why i married you)
responsibility
the third step of the Decision Making Model; where diffusion of responsibility comes in; you assume someone else will help
skills
the fourth step of the Decision Making Model; you feel that you know you should help someone change a tire but you don't know how, so why stop
(medical care more likely to help in med situations)
help
the fifth step of the Decision Making Model; are there people watching? that's sary and the pressure is on you so you might not help
increase
to ______ chance of getting help...
1. clearly define emergency
2. individuate someone in the crowd
3. assign tasks, instructions
arousal/cost-reward model
when we witness somone in stress, we are aroused and we evaluate the cost and benefit, then decide to help or not
- not always conscious
- weigh the costs and rewards of helping
- possibility to escape reduces helping

ex: i see a puppy lost but i am late for a meeting, i want to save it but i cannot miss my meeting
kitty genovese
the woman that people didn't help who was stabbed in NY
- "I was tired"
- "lover's quarrel"
- "thought 30 calls already"
- "we were afraid"
punishment
why people DON'T help
1. fear of ______/embarrassment
2. risk of injury or cost to self
3. takes time and effort
empathetic joy hypothesis
mood is used as a reward for helping; you interpret the event in more sympathetic way since you are in a good mood and heping prolongs your good mood
- if it will decrease mood then less likely to help
negative state relief hypothesis
mood is used as a reward for helping; when we feel guilty or distress, helping someone will help us feel better
- social rejection or self focused, we are less likely to help
- alleviate bad mood
personal distress
one of the two types of reactive responses when we see someone in distress; self oriented feelings of distress, anxiety, worry; when emotional, arousal response
- i won't be able to live with myself if i don't stop to help

path to helping: egotistic motivation (internal response), motivated to reduce own arousal to make ourselves feel better
egotistic motivation
what motivates someone to help out in personal distress (a reactive response when we see someone in distress)
- motivated to reduce own arousal to make ourselves feel better
empathetic concern
one of the two types of reactive responses that occurs when we have compassion, warmth and caring towards the individual

path to helping: altruistic motivation
altruistic motivation
what motivates someone to help out with empathic concern; internal response is that you feel bad for thi person and motivated to help them (most beneficial for other)
negatively
pain and distress are _____ correlated with parents empathy
positively
pain and distress are _____ correlated with personal distressed
empathy altruism hypothesis
a hypothesis that when we feel empathy for a person, we will help that person even if we incur a cost by doing so
ex: my little sister is afraid of the dark and i used to be afraid of the dark so i will stay awake with her
pluralistic ignorance
a particular type of norm misperception that occurs when each individual in the group privately rejects the group's norms, but believes that others accept these norms

interally you feel or think something but others arent so you must be wrong

ex: no one else is raising their hand so I must be the only one so I wont raise my hand
bystander effect
the fidning that the more people who witness an emergency, the less likely a victim is to recieve help
perspective taking
this increases empathy and
- helping and cooperation
- moral behavior
- positive feeling towards others
- distress at another's pain
- decreases aggerssion and dehumanization of group members
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