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Pathophysiology final part 2

Terms in this set (28)

Cachexia
Increased metabolic rate due to tumor cells
The mouth to the esophagus is what part of the GI?
Upper GI
From stomach to anus is what part of the GI
Lower GI
What type of cells are in the upper GI?
Squamous
Most of the lower GI has what type of cells? What cells are at the end?
Cuboidal glandular
Squamous at end
What is the secretion that digests starch in the salivary glands?
Amylase
What secretion released from the pyloric glandular cells in the stomach stimulates the production of HCl?
Gastrin
What secretion digests proteins in the stomach?
Pepsin
What secretion is produced by parietal cells in the stomach and absorbs vitamin B12?
Intrinsic factor
What secretion of the small intestine activates pancreatic enzymes?
Enterokinase
What secretion of the small intestine does gallbladder contraction + pancreatic secretion of bicarbonates?
Cholecystokinin
What secretion of the small intestine stimulates secretion of trypsin and chymotrypsin?
secretin
3 pairs of salivary glands makes a
parotid
what salivary gland disease:
inflammation. infectious or suppressive. assymetric. viral (mumps or parotidits). or autoimmune
...
What is the role of the esophagus?
narrow tube that travels through the thorax to abdomen transporting food
What is the role of the stomach?
continues digestion by mixing food with acid and enzymes to create chyme
What are the three sections of the stomach?
fundus, body, antrum
What is the role of the small intestine?
nutrient absorption
What is the role of the large intestine?
water absorption
What is defined as reflux of gastric juice ("peptic esophagitis")?
Esophagitis
What is known to be a precursor of cancer (adenocarcinoma)?
Esophagitis
What has the following:
Infections:
- Superficial / Shallow Ulcers
- Virus: Herpes: Cytomegalovirus
- Fungi: Candida albicans
- Immunosuppressed persons

Chemical irritants:
- Exogenous chemicals
- Biphosphonates (Fosamax) PO
Esophagitis
What is it called when food and fluids move from stomach to oral cavity entering the respiratory tract (Broncho-Aspiration)?
Aspiration Pneumonia
What is the most common cause for GERD?
Hiatal Hernia
What is described as:
- Limited to colonic mucosa
- Disease of large intestine:
- Flattened edematous patches => like sandpaper
- Become ulcerated => Easy bleeding
- Formation of pseudo-polyps in foci
Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
What diseases are related to helicobacter pylori?
Chronic Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer
Is known as adenocarcinoma of the colon, has unknown etiology,
Colon Cancer
What has the following description?
Genetic factors
- Familial polyposis coli
- Gardner's syndrome
- Hereditary non-polyposis
colorectal cancer

Dietary factors
- "Western diet": Rich in red
Meat, High carbohydrate,
High fat content
• Low in Vegetable Fibers

Interaction of carcinogens
- Oncogenes
- Tumor suppressor genes
Colon Cancer
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