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Microbiology final exam part1

Terms in this set (100)

What is the second most common foodborne disease?
Staphylococcus aureus
Symptoms appear 1-6 hours after eating and last up to 24 hours. symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps. Cooking kills the bacteria but does not inactivate the toxin.
Staphylococcus aureus
Is a very common foodborne disease which is usually found in protein rich foods such as meat and beans.
Clostridium perfringens
A toxin mediated disease which is a normal resident of the intestines and in found in essentially all people. Is transmitted by food, water and fecal oral route.
Escherichia coli
What disease can be fatal in infants, is transmitted by fecally contaminated food and causes secretory diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
What accounts for 20% of diarrhea in bottle fed babies? is spread person to person and likely has a low infectious dose.
Enteropathogenic E.coli
The nastiest and most common strain. It is responsible for the fatal outbreak at Jack-in-the-Box in 1993. Meat, fruit juices, parsley, etc. all have been implicated. The number one source is undercooked hamburger.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
What is the scientific name for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli?
E. coli O157:H7
Caused by Enterohemorrhagic E. coli. symptoms include bloody diarrhea with inflammation of the colon may be observed, severe abdominal pain, about half also have vomiting. Resolution in 4-10 days without treatment.
Hemorrhagic colitis
disease of the kidney, leading to kidney failure and seizures coma, colonic perforation, liver disorders, etc.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Common in women Under 10 and 20-40 years of age but Can occur in anyone. Men with enlarged prostate are at increased risk.Community urethritis is typically an ascending infection.Hospital urethritis. Catheters introduce the bacteria to the bladder. Provide a surface to grow on. Can lead to ascending infections and septicemia.
Uropathogenic E. coli
Cause dysentery - fever, malaise, anorexia with cramps and abundant bloody mucoid discharges.Most cases resolve in 2-5 days. Some patients become carriers.
Shigella
are motile, Gram negative bacilli, and are normally present on a variety of foods, particularly poultry.
Salmonella
is broken into serotypes - Typhimurium, Typhi, Enteriditis, Cholerasuis, Paratyphi, etc.
Salmonella
Most common cause of Salmonella-caused enteritis in the U.S.
Salmonella Typhimurium
Typhoid Fever is cause by what pathogen?
Salmonella Typhi
Mary Mallon was an epidemiologic nightmare, she was infected with this bug.
Salmonella Typhi
The most common site of colonization of the body (as normal flora) of Staphylococcus aureus is:
Nose
Chloramphenicol is the drug of choice for treating which salmonella
Salmonella Typhi
CF patients are immune to infection by
Salmonella Typhi
is normally found in seawater. In the seawater it lives in the zoplankton digestive tract. A single zooplankton will support the growth of about 10,000 bacteria, which is sufficient to infect the human host.
Vibrio cholerae
Commonly (1-6% of the time) becomes resident of the gall bladder, leading to long term carriage and transmission.
Salmonella Typhi
Guillan-Barre Syndrome is associated with infection by-----about 40% of the time
Campylobacter jejuni
"Rice Water Stool" is most commonly associated with an infection by:
Vibrio cholera
Bacilliary dysentary is caused by:
Shigella dysenteriae
An emergency colectomy was performed on a patient. The most likely organisms of those listed to lead to this emergency procedure was:
Clostridium difficile
Chronic lifelong inflammation of the stomach wall. May be minor to severe.
Gastritis
The drug of choice for treating Legionella is:
Erythromycin
Mycoplasma genitalium is treated with what?
Tetracycline
Ureaplasma urealyticum is treated with what?
Erythromycin
The two most common causes of Cervicitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in women are
N. gonorrheae and C. trachomatis
may increase the likelihood of pelvic inflammatory disease since it is motile (flagellated) and can swim to the upper genital region and carry with it lower genital region bacteria including gonococci and chlamydia.
Trichimonas vaginalis
is inflammation of the epididymis, with relatively acute onset of pain and almost always unilateral. Like PID this can result in scarring and infertility.
Epididymitis
What are the most common cause of epididymitis in men <35 years old.
N. gonorrheae and C. trachomatis
The major causes of vaginitis in post pubescent girls are
bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and Trichimonas vaginalis
What is a common organism isolated from post pubescent girls but is often found in association with vaginitis and occurs more frequently in sexually active women.
Gardanella vaginalis
All gonococcal strains (and meningococcal strains) produce an extracellular-----that cleaves IgA (the major immunoglobulin on mucosal surfaces) which helps the bacteria evade the effects of secretory antibody.
protease
Gonococci produce an ------ that damages ciliated epithelial cells.
endotoxin
N. gonorrheae can also be transmitted by nonsexual contact and result in eye infections this is called?
gonococcal opthalmia
50% of gonorrhea patients are also positive for
Chlamydia trachomatis
Extracellular infectious form which is metabolically inactive.
Elementary body
Intracellular, metabolically active form which replicates in host cells and after 24-72 hours differentiates into elementary bodies.
Reticulate body
What is the leading cause of nongonococcal urethritis, a gonococcus-like inflammation of the urethra. It is one of the most frequently observed sexually transmitted diseases today.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Later in life about 1% of people that have been infected with------develop acute aseptic arthritis.
Chlamydia
What is caused by a small subset of Chlamydia, known as C. trachomatis LGV 1, 2, or 3. Most common in males, causing painful swelling of lymph nodes in the area of the groin. Although rare in most of the United States it is endemic in Central and South America and is thus found on the southern US.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
The two main routes of transmission of Treponema pallidum pallidum are:
Sexual Contact and Vertical
Rapid onset pneumonia followed by death in 3-5 days is associated with:
Pneumonic Plague
Patients with neutropenia are more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections.
True
A disease that grows gradually and continually in the body is known as:
Insidious
Neurologic symptoms that show up days or weeks to months after exposure, leading to death:
Rabies
Lock jaw is associated with:
Clostridium tetani
The worm that can cause pneumonia-like symptoms and abdominal pain is:
roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)
The protozoa associated with cutaneous infections and scarring is:
Leishmania
TSE is an example of a:
Prion
Acne is commonly associated with:
Propionibacterium acnes
Hyphae growing as chains of cells that are NOT separated by a plasma membrane are called:
Nonseptate
Botulism results in death due to:
flaccid paralysis (body literally goes limp causing death)
Wool Sorters Disease:
Cutaneous Anthrax
Entamoeba histolytica is spread by:
Fecal-oral route
Scarlet fever is caused by:
Streptococcus pyogenes
Causative agent of rheumatic fever.
Streptococcus pyogenes
Epinephrine is used to treat:
Anaphylactic Shock
Bubonic Plague is associated with:
Yersinia pestis
Perinatal CMV is usually a mild asymptomatic infection unless:
Acquired by blood transfusion
In 30 year olds. UTIs are more common in:
Women
What is associated with folliculitis due to contaminated water?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The purpose of vaccination for ----- is to protect the unborn child.
Rubella
A patient that is at high risk of transmitting Heptatitis B to other patients if they are positive for which antigen?
HBeAg
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is associated with
E. coli O157:H7
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by:
Rickettsia rickettsii
A major cause of dental caries is thought to be:
Streptococcus mutans
Vibrio cholera recently entered North and South America (in 1991) and spread through:
Mexico
The most common cause of bacterial vaginosis is:
Gardanella vaginalis
Males - frequently associated with dysuria, with a mucoid discharge (resembling semen):
Neisseria gonorrheae
An infection of the bone and bone marrow is:
Osteomyelitis
Clostridium difficile can be transmitted by:
Nosocomial, Fecal Oral, and Aerosol
Platelet transfusions is sometimes used to treat:
Dengue
A common cause of meningitis associated with dorms/barracks is:
Neisseria meningitidis
An intracellular bacterial infection associated with acute aseptic arthritis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Primarily used for treating Treponema pallidum pallidum infections:
Penicillin
Swelling of the brain (or any other tissue) is :
Edema
Found in over 90% of cervical cancer.
human papilloma virus (HPV)
Condylomata Lata is associated with:
Secondary Syphilis
Vesicles that form on the eye scarring the cornea.
herpes keratitis
Cold Sores:
recurrent, (intensely) painful lesions (many little "blisters")
Cryptococcus neoformans is acquired after exposure to:
dried pigeon feces
Lyme disease is found:
Throughout the USA
Trypansoma cruzi is transmitted by:
vector borne (kissing bug)
infection of the inner lining of the heart, principally the heart valves.
Endocarditis
inflammation of the pericardium (the sac that encloses the heart.)
Pericarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle.
Myocarditis
Epidemic Typhus is caused by?
Rickettsia prowazekii
What is known as break bone fever?
Dengue
Viral encephalitis is defined as
A viral infection of the brain its self
Primary Immunodeficiency
Genetic lack of immune response
The common "middle point" of all three complement cascades is
C3b
An example of a viral hemorrhagic fever is:
Ebola
An HIV positive person is said to have progressed to "AIDS" when their cell cell count is less than:
200
Herd immunity can protect unvaccinated individuals.
True
Rickettsia prowazekii is also known as?
Epidemic Typhus
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