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ch. 3 federalism (am politics)

Terms in this set (28)

unitary system
centralized, supreme national government
confederation
weak state government, strong state government
Civil War
major conflict resulting largely from a power struggle between state and federal government
officials
elected leaders (both state and national) that increase citizen input on government
delegated/expressed powers
powers to federal government explicitly detailed by the Constitution
implied powers
powers to the federal government not explicitly detailed by the Constitution but inferred from the "necessary and proper" clause
inherent powers
powers to the federal government not explicitly detailed by the Constitution but are granted naturally by the existence of a national government
reserved powers
powers not delegated to the national government and therefore fall to the states
10th Amendment
guarantee state's reserved powers
"full faith and credit"
constitutional clause that details responsibilities states have to one another
civil liberty
individual rights protected by law (only subject to laws established for good of community)
states' rights
rights and powers held by individual states and cannot be infringed upon by national government
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Supreme Court case that states that a state government cannot tax a national bank
"Supremacy" of the federal government
establishment beginning in the definition of federalism by the Supreme Court, such as w/ McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
First Bank of the United States
national bank that faced an attempt to be sued by the state of Maryland for not paying taxes
James McCulloch
First Bank of the United States cashier that refused to pay taxes to the state of Maryland and was subsequently sued
Article 1, Section 8
elastic clause that gives Congress the power to making any laws it deems "necessary and proper"
John C. Calhoun
South Carolina senator and US VP (1820s-1850s) that claimed states' rights to nullify federal law
nullification/"null and void"
claimed state's right to reject laws passed by Congress
secession
claimed state's right that stemmed from nullification to secede from the union
Abraham Lincoln
POTUS who objected secession and reasserted national supremacy through victory in Civil War
alphabet agencies
New Deal programs (CCC, AAA, NRA, etc.) that aimed to relieve poverty by enlarging the power of the federal government
New Frontier
ambitious and forward-looking program initiated by JFK to use government funds and support to conquer space, the new frontier
"new federalism"
recent attempts to slow growth of national government
Richard Nixon
POTUS who supported states' rights and channeled federal money w/o conditions to states (combat to categorical grants)
Ronald Reagan
POTUS who claimed that the government erodes at individual freedoms and attempted to use block grants (not categorical), though it weakened states w/ debt
"dual federalism"
each level of government dominating its own spheres, supreme court settles dispute
Franklin D. Roosevelt
POTUS who began blurring the spheres of hierarchical government domination
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