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Bio Ch. 10 Homeostasis

Terms in this set (65)

The kidney produces urine, which dumps into the ureter at the ?
renal pelvis
After leaving the renal pelvis, urine is then collected in the ? before being excreted through the urethra
bladder
Each kidney has a ? which contains a renal artery, renal vein, and ureter
hilum
Two capillary beds in series is called a ?
portal system
Blood from the renal artery flows into the ?
afferent arterioles
Together the afferent arterioles all form ?
glomeruli
The first capillary bed in the portal system within the kidney is ?
Bowman's capsule and glomeruli
After leaving a glomerulus, blood flows through the efferent arteriole to the ?
vasa recta
The second capillary bed within the renal portal system is the ?
vasa recta
After leaving the vasa recta, blood exits the kidney via the ?
renal vein
The bladder has a muscular lining known as the ?
detrusor muscle
The detrusor muscle is under control of which branch of the autonomic nervous system?
parasympathetic
Which part of the excretory system houses two muscular sphincters, (not the anus)?
bladder
The internal urethral sphincter consists of smooth muscle and is under involuntary or voluntary control?
involuntary (parasympathetic)
The external urethral sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary or involuntary control?
voluntary
The kidney participates in solute movement through three processes: Filtration, Secretion and ?
Reabsorption
? is the movement of solutes from blood to filtrate at Bowman's capsule.
Filtration
The direction and rate of filtration is determined by ? which account for the hydrostatic and oncotic pressure differentials between the glomerulus and Bowman's space
Starling forces
Secretion is the movement of solutes from blood to ? anywhere other than the Bowman's capsule
filtrate
Reabsorption is the movement of ? from the filtrate to blood?
solutes
The PCT is the site of bulk reabpsorption of glucose, amino acids, soluble vitamins, salt and water. What is the PCT?
Proximal convoluted tubule
The ? is the site of secretion for hydrogen ions, potassium ions, ammonia and urea
proximal convoluted tubule
The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water but not ?
salt
In the descending limb of the loop of Henle, as the filtrate moves into the more osmotically concentrated renal medulla, ? is reabsorbed from the filtrate
water
The ? and nephron flow in opposite directions, creating a countercurrent multiplier system (that term is important)
vasa recta
A countercurrent multiplier system allows maximal reabsorption of ?
water
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to salt but not to ?
water
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle ? is reabsorbed both passively and actively
salt
The diluting segment is located in the ?
outer medulla
Because salt is actively reabsorbed in the diluting segment, the filtrate actually becomes hypotonic compared to the ?
blood
The diluting segment is also known as?
ascending loop of henle
The distal convoluted tubule is responsive to which hormone?
aldosterone
The distal convoluted tubule is a site of ? reabsorption and waste product excretion, like the PCT
salt
The collecting duct is responsive to both aldosterone and ?
anti diuretic hormone
The ? has variable permeability, which allows reabsorption of the right amount of water depending on the body's needs
collecting duct
When blood pressure (and volume) are low, aldosterone and ? work to fix it
adh
? is a steroid hormone regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collection duct, thereby increasing water reabsorption
aldosterone
ADH is also known as?
vasopessin
ADH is a peptide hormone synthesized by the ?
hypothalamus
ADH is stored in the ?
posterior pituitary
ADH release is stimulated by low blood volume or high blood osmolarity which is why it leads to the increase of the permeability of the collecting duct to ?
water
Increased blood volume and pressure and a decreased blood osmolarity is the result of the release of which steroid hormone?
aldosterone
Increased blood volume and pressure and a decreased blood osmolarity is the result of the release of which peptide hormone?
ADH
The kidney can regulate ? by selective reabsorption or secretion of bicarbonate or hydrogen ions
pH
The bottom most layer of skin is called
hypodermis
The subcutaneous layer is also known as
hypodermous
the middle layer of skin is called the
dermis
the outtermost layer of skin is called
epidermis
The epidermis is composed of five layers and they all start with the word?
stratum
the stratum basale contains stem cells that proliferate to form ?
keratinocytes
Keratinocyte nuclei are lost in the stratum granulosum, and many thin layers form in the stratum ?
corneum
Melanocytes protect skin form ? caused by UV radiation
dna dmage
melanin is passed to ?
keratinocytes
? are special macrophages that serve as antigen-presenting cells in the skin
langerhans cells
The ? is composed of two layers: the papillary layer and the reticular layer
dermis
most sensory cells are located in the ?
dermis
merkel cells are for sensation of deep pressure and texture and are located in the ?
dermis
Meissner's corpuscles are for sensation of ?
light touch
Ruffini endings are for sensation of ?
stretch
Pacinian corpuscles are fr sensation of ?
deep pressure and vibration
the hypodermis contains fat and ?
connective tissue
the ? is a layer of skin that connects the skin to the rest of the body
hypodermis
? glands are innervated by postganglionic cholinergic sympathetic neurons
sweat
piloerection is known as
goose bumps
when arrector pilli muscles contract, what happens?
you get goose bumps
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