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genetic variation

Terms in this set (30)

ig natural selection and all other evolutionary processes require _____
genetic variation
if there is variation that is ___ and survival and reproduction are non random with repsect to that variation then the population will
evolve
ultimately all cariation comes from
mutation
types of mutations
point, frameshift, gene duplication, chromosomal rearrangement
the types of point mutations are
synonymous and nonsynonymous
the types of frameshift mutations are
insertion and deletion
gene duplication is
the duplication of a region of DNA thatt contains an entire gene or genes
gene duplication occurs by
transposition
unequal crossing over
gene duplication results in
homologous genes
homologous genes can also arise by
speciation
homologous genes are
genes that share common ancestry
the two kinds of homologous genes are
orthologs and paralogs
orthologs arise by
speciation
paralogs arise by
gene duplication
only orthologs can be sued in reconstructing ____ of species
phylogenies
chromosomal rearrangements include
duplication
deletion
inversion
translocation
inversion prevents ___ in heterozygous state
because it effectively ____ all of the alleles in the inverted region
recombination
links
whole genome duplication in a 2n individual leads to
4n chromosomes
polyploids have
more than two sets of chromosomes
mutations are ___ with respect to fitness
random
luria and delbruck tested the "induced mutation" and "spontaneous mutation" hypothesis
their result
high variation in a number of resistant bacteria among plates
luria and delbruck's result can be interpreted as
resistance mutations occurred randomly at different times during cell growth prior to exposure to the phage
fisher's geometric model examines the ___ and effect of mutations
size
fisher's geometric model demonstrates that most mutations are
deleterious
mutations of ___ effect are more likely to be beneficial
small
most adaptation occurs by mutations of ___ effect
small
_____ mutation and not somatic mutation is the source of evolutionary variation
germline
somatic mutation is the source of
developmental variation
genotype and allele frequencies let us consider the relative abundance of each allele and
how they change over time
the frequency of an allele is equal to the frequency of its homozygouts plus 1/2 the
heterozygotes
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