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Bible Interp. Final

Terms in this set (95)

Textual criticism
is a technical discipline that compares the various copies of a biblical text in an effort to determine what was most likely original text.
John Wycliffe translated the first English bible from latin to english
rather than from the original Hebrew or Greek.
William Tyndale
produced an English New Testament based on the Greek rather than Latin, but he did not live to complete his translation of the Old Testament.
The authorized version of 1611
is what we have as the King James Version.
There have been many revisions to the King James Version
but the 1769 version by Benjamin Blayney is the edition still used today. Oxford Standard Edition.
Two obstacles of the KJV are
o The translators worked from an inferior Greek text constructed from only a few, late New Testament manuscripts, and
o The KJV's use of archaic english words and phrases. LIST
Translation entails
reproducing the meaning of a text that is in one language(the source language) as fully as possible, in another language (the receptor language).
There are two main approaches to translation:
o The formal approach (sometimes)labeled literature or word-for-word)
o The functional approach (often called idiomatic or thorught-for-thought).
Draw the biblical map
o 1. Grasp the text in their town. What did the text mean to the original audience? Draw their town.
o 2. Measure the width of the river to cross. What are the differences between the biblical audience and us? Person standing by the bridge and river.
o 3. Cross the principalizing bridge. What is the theological principle in this text. Draw a bridge over the river write the words " culture, language, time, situation, and covenant" in the river.
o 4. Consult the biblical map. How does our theological principle fit with the rest of the Bible? Draw a road sign with a cross on it that says "you are here".
o 5. Grasp the text in our town. How should individual Christians today live out the theological principle? Draw a city like what we live in now with many roads.
Things to observe in a passage:
Repitition of words, contrasts, comparisons, lists, cause and effect, figure of speech, conjunctions, verbs, pronouns, questions and answers, dialogue, means (how), purpose/results statements (why), general to specific and specific to general, conditional clauses (if then), actions/role of God, actions/roles of people, emotional terms, tone of the passage, connections to other paragraphs and episodes, shifts in the story/ pivots, interchange, chiasm (cdcba), inclusion (similar opening and closing statements). LIST. Meaning of verb, pronoun and antecedent.
New testament letters are situational or occasional
, meaning that they were written to address specific situations faced by the churches. FILL IN THE BLANK
Preunderstanding
refers to all of our preconceived notions and understandings that we bring to the text, which have been formulated, both consciously and subconsciously before we actually study the text in detail.
Presupposition
are fundamental beliefs that you have and bring to a passage. Aka foundational beliefs.
The four foundational beliefs are
o 1. The Bible is the Word of God. Although God worked thorugh people to produce it, it is nonetheless inspired by the Holy Spirit and is God's Word to us.
o 2. The Bible is trustworthy and true.
o 3. God has entered into human history; thus the supernatural does occur.
o 4. The Bible is not contradictory; it is unified, yet diverse. Nevertheless, God is bigger than we are, and he is not always easy to comprehend. Thus the Bible also has tension and mystery to it.
The most important principle of biblical interpretation is
that context determines meaning.
Literary genre simply refers to
the different categories or types of literature found in the bible.
Genre is a french word
meaning kind or form.
The surrounding context circle from outter to inner is
o the rest of the Bible,
o rest of the book,
o rest of larger section,
o immediate context,
o passage.
o To what do you refer after your immediate passage?
Chapter and verse divisions
are not part of the orginal documents, but were added much later. T/F
The common word study fallacies are the
o english only fallacy,
o the root fallacy,
o the time frame fallacy,
o the overload fallacy,
o the word count fallacy,
o the word concept fallacy,
o and the selective evidence fallacy.
The semantic range
is a word's range of meaning. All possible meanings. FILL IN THE BLANK.
The circle for analyzing New testament words from outside to inside
o rest of the new testament,
o other new testament authors- same type of text or same topic,
o same author other book,
o same book,
o immediate context,
o word.
Authorial intention
meaning is determing by the intention of the author. We are interested in this because it is communication. WHAT METHOD? WHY?
Reader response
the meaning is determined by the reader or a community of readers.
Application
refers to the response of the reader to the meaning of the text.
It would be incorrect for us to ask in a Bible study "what does this passage mean to you?"
The correct question sequence is " what does this passage mean? How should you apply this meaning to your life?"
An allegory
is a story that uses an extensive amount of symbolism. Over spiritualizing.
Inspiration refers to
the Holy Spirit's work in the lives of the human authors of scripture with the result that they wrote what God wanted to communicate. Role: inspire, preserve, illuminate
Since the spirit inspired scripture in the first place
we should not expect him to contradict himself when he illuminates it.
When it comes to biblical interpretation
the spirit appears to work little in the cognitive dimension and more in the area of discerning truth and most in the area of application. This is why without the spirit you can interpret the bible yes, to some degree, and no.
When it comes to biblical interpretation
having the Holy Spirit does not mean that the Spirit is all you need. The Spirit expects us to use our minds. The Spirit doesn't create new meaning. We can rely on the Spirit to help us grasp the meaning of God's word.
The spirit does not
create new meaning or provide new information.
Our spiritual maturity
affects our ability to hear the voice of the spirit in the scriptures. TF
We cannot apply the Bible without knowing what it means,
but we can know the bible without living it. TF
We use the term application
to refer to the response of the readers to the meaning of the inspired text.
New testament letters
were authoritative substitutes for personal presence.
People in the ancient world wrote letters
to serve as a substitute for personal presence.
The purpose of New Testament letters is
to be occasional or situational. This means that they were written to address specific situations or problems related to the author or to the readers.
The New Testament letters were never meant
to be exhaustive dictionaries of Christian doctrine. TF
The Gospels are
Christological biography.
The two interpretive questions to find the central purpose of a Gospel are:
o What does this small story tell us about Jesus?
o What is the gospel writer trying to say to his readers by the way he puts the smaller stories together? WHAT ARE THE TWO INTERPRETIVE QUESTIONS OF GOSPELS?
The narrative questions are:
Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
The most important thing to do when reading a series of stories
is to look for connections.
A parable
is a story with two levels of meaning, where certain details in the story represent something else.
Analyze parables by
o looking for one main point for each main character or group of characters,
o and then in addition, the main points you discover must be ones that Jesus' original audience would have understood. TWO PRINCIPLES FOR INTERPRETING A PARABLE
Acts is
both normative and descriptive. AUTHOR'S OPINION. BOTH AND
The single most helpful guideline for grasping the theological truths of Acts is
to look for repeated themes and patterns
The themes of Acts are:
o the Holy Spirit,
o God's sovereignty,
o the church, prayer,
o suffering,
o gentiles,
o and witness. LIST
The term revelation suggests that
something once hidden is now being displayed openly. FILL BLANK
Revelation is a strange book
because it combines three different literary genres: letter, prophecy, and apocalyptic.
A major theme of revelation
is overcoming
Biblical prophecy includes
both prediction of the future and proclamation of God's truth for the present.
Apocalyptic represents
an intensified form of prophecy
The main message of Revelation
"God will win!"
Take revelation seriously
, but don't always take it literally
In Revelation
do not try to discover a strict chronological map of future events.
The seven messages
set the scene on earth and clarify the dangers that the church faces: persecution and compromise.
The most overlooked character in narratives is
God
Narrative is a literary form
characterize by sequential time action and involving plot, setting, and characters. It is the story form of literature.
All of the law,
, by nature, is theological.
Part of the theme of law is
the teaching that holy things must be kept separate from profane or common things.
All scripture is
applicable to the New Testament believer.
The mosaic covenant is
no longer a functional covenant. New testament believers are no longer under the old, mosaic covenant.
The Old Testament law as part of the mosaic covenant is
no longer applicable over us as law.
We must interpret the law through
the grid of New Testament teaching.
Differences between the Old Testament and New Testament
o we are under the new covenant, not the mosaic covenant. We are not Israelites preparing to go to the promise land. God doesn't dwell in a temple, God lives in us. We don't sacrifice animals, Jesus was the ultimate sacrifice. We live under a secular government not a theocracy. We don't face pressure from Canaanite religion, but normal worldviews. We don't live in an agrarian society, but an urban setting. LIST
Over one third of the bible
is compromised of poetry.
Old testament poets appeal
to our emotions.
One of the problems many Christians today encounter
when they tackle Old Testament poetry is that they attempt to interpret these texts with methods that are geared for New Testament letters.
Poetry is characterized by terseness
a high degree of structure, and figurative imagery.
Terseness means that
poetry uses a minimum number of words
One of the most obvious features of Old Testament poetry is that the text is structures around poetic lines of verse rather than around sentences and paragraphs. This is called parallelism
(synonymous, developmental, illustrative, contrastive, and formal.) LIST
Parallelism is
the dominant structural characteristic of Old Testament poetry.
Acrostics is
when a poem in each successive line of poetry starts with the next letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
The figurative speech elements in poetry include figures of speech involving analogy
o (simile, metaphor, indirect analogy, hyperbole, personification, anthromorphism, effects and causes (metonymy) and representation and zoomorphism apostrophe, and irony. LIST
Poetry includes
wordplays.
The function of psalms is
to give us inspired models of how to talk and sing to God.
Honesty with God is
an important lesson that we can learn from the Psalms.
Only a small percentage of the Old Testament prophetic literature deals eith the future events.
The vast majority addresses the disobedience of Israel/Judah and the consequential impending judgment.
The prophets express
the deep, deep love of the Lord toward his people and the intense pain he feels as a result of their rejection of him.
It is important to note
the collection nature of the prophetic books.
Outlines of the prophetic books
are normally useless.
The three basic points of prophetic message are:
o 1. You have broken the covenant; you had better repent!
o 2. No repentance? Then judgment.
o 3. Yet, there is hope beyond the judgment for a glorious, future restoration. (it will be better)
The prophets indict Israel
on the charges of idolatry, social injustice, and religious ritualism.
One of the most important theological truths coming out of the prophetic message is
that when we are unfaithful to God, we damage our relationship with him, causing him to hurt emotionally.
God desires
relationship over ritual.
The vast majority of the material in the prophetic books addresses
the disobedience of Israel/Judah and the consequential impending judgment.
The historical context that most of the prophets wrote from was that of either
just prior to the Assyrian invasion or just prior to the Babylonian invasion.
The goal of wisdom is
to develop character.
Proverbs presents the approach
to the normal perfect life.
Job is
is an exception and presents the suffering of the righteous.
Ecclessiastes is
another exception that presents the failure of the rational, ordered approach to provide ultimate meaning to life.
Songs of Songs is
the last exception that presents the irrationality of romantic love between a husband and wife.
Proverbs represents
the rational ordered norms of life, while the other three books present the exception and limitations to the rational, ordered approach to life.
A large majority of the wisdom literature
is poetry.
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