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Chapter 9 Cell Respiration Without Pictures

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (20)

fermentation
A partial degradation of sugars that occur without the use of oxygen.
cellular respiration
When oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
redox reactions
When there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another.
oxidation
Loss of electrons.
reduction
Gain of electrons.
reducing agent
A reduces B, which accepts the donated electrons.
oxidizing agent
B oxidizes A by removing A's electrons.
electron transport chain
Breaks the fall of electrons to oxygen in several energy-releasing steps.
glycolosis
Breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.
citric acid cycle
Completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.
oxidative phosphorylation
When energy is released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
substrate-level phosphorylation
When an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
acetyl-CoA
Is formed when pyruvate first enters into the mitochondria via active transport.
ATP synthase
The enzyme that make ATP from ADPand inorganic phosphate.
chemiosmosis
When energy is stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane which is used to drive cellular work.
proton-motive force
Emphasizes the capactiy of the gradient to preform work.
anaerobic
Occurs by fermentation, which generate ATP solely by substrate-level phosphorylation.
alcohol fermentation
When pyruvate is converted to ethanol in 2 steps.
lactic acid fermetation
When pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactic as am end product, with no release of carbon dioxide.
facultative anaerobes
Can make enough ATP to survive using using fermentation or respiration.
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