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NB Exam 1

Terms in this set (142)

What does neurology involve?
-Anatomy of the nervous
-Physiology of the nervous system
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-Pathologies of the nervous system
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Which of the following involves challenges in education or employment?
-Function barriers
-Participation barriers
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-Activity barriers
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-Impairments
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Which of the following is classified as a demyelination disease of the central nervous system?
-Meningitis
-Huntington disease
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-Parkinson disease
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-Multiple sclerosis
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The prehistoric practice of creating a hole in the skull is known as:
-trephination
-phrenology
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-cranioscopy
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-hemiplegia
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Holders of the cell doctrine believed mental functions centered on which of the following anatomical structure?
-Brain tissue
-Brain ventricles
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-Heart
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-Lungs
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What was the profession called whose practitioners felt the bumps on a person's skull to determine his or her mental strengths and weaknesses?
-Trephination
-Phrenology
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-Cranioscopy
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-Hemiplegia
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Which school of thought believes the brain works through a network of interconnected centers?
-Phrenology
-Localization
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-Connectionism
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-Holism
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The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination comes from
-Phrenology
-Localization
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-Connectionism
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-Holism
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Which of the following imaging teqchniques shows brain activity based on brain's glucose metabolism?
-MRI
-fMRI
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-CT
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-PET
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At its most basic level, the nervous system is about two-way communication between the brain and the body
-True
Temporal resolution neuroimaging techniques focus on times, whereas spatial resolution techniques focus on the location of activity in the brain.
-True
Difficulties in executing activities, especially skills of daily living like walking or eating
Activity barriers
A progressive neurological disease that results in a general intellectual decline
Alzheimer's disease
The structure of the body
Anatomy
An invasive neuroimaging technique that uses iodine and x-rays to produce pictures of the blood vessels
Angiography
The belief that the brain's ventricles have psychic gases in them responsible for mental functions
Cell doctrine
A neuroimaging technique that passes x-rays through the human body that reflect off different densities of tissue, bone, and fluid in different way to produce an image
Computed tomography (CT)
The belief that there are centers in the brain responsible for certain functions, but that these areas are connected together and work cooperatively
Connectionism
A person who believes that humans are two substances, a material body (with a brain) and an immaterial soul (with a mind)
Dualist
A temporal resolution neuroimaging technique that measures the neuronal electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp
Electroencephalography
A class of neuroimaging techniques that reveal the physiology of the brain
Functional imaging
A neuroimaging technique that combines the advantages of magnetic resonance imaging with the advantages of positron emission tomography, showing both the anatomy and physiology of the brain by measuring blood oxygenation
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Problems in body function of alterations in body structure, such as paralysis and blindness
Functional barriers
Weakness of one side of the body
Hemiplegia
Belief that the whole brain is involved in a mental function, not just a discrete part of the brain
Holism
The number of new cases per year in a given population
Incidence
A neuroimaging technique that uses a magnetic current to flip protons within the body's water molecules
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
An argument about whether humans have a mind and a brain or just a brain that is either the same thing as the mind of that gives rise to a mind
Mind-brain debate
A person who believes that humans are one substance, a material body (with a brain
mind) /Monist
A series of organs that make communication between the brain and body possible in order for humans to interact with the world around them
Nervous system
The study of the nervous system's structure
Neuroanatomy
A disease of the nervous system that impairs a person's health, resulting in some level of disability
Neurological disorder
A doctor with specialized training in nervous system anatomy, physiology, and pathology
Neurologist
The study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system
Neurology
The study of diseases of the nervous system
Neuropathology
The study of how neurons function
Neurophysiology
A degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremors
Parkinson's disease
Problems with involvement in any area of life, such as participation in education and employment
Participation barriers
The study of disease processes that affect both anatomy and physiology
Pathology
A study based on the belief that bumps on the skull correspond to certain brain areas (and only to those areas) that perform certain mental functions
Phrenology
The study of the body's function.
Physiology
A spatial resolution neuroimaging technology that shows brain activity based on the brain's glucose metabolism
Positron emission tomography
The total number of current cases in a given population at a point in time
Prevalence
A class of neuroimaging techniques that show the location of brain activity
Spatial resolution
A class of neuroimaging techniques that reveal the anatomy of the brain
Structural imaging
A class of neuroimaging techniques that deal with the time between when a stimulus is introduced and the brain's response to it
Temporal resolution
The process of creating a hole in the skull through cutting, scraping, and
or drilling in order to relieve neurological problems /Trephination
Trephination instruments, usually sharp stones, to create holes in skulls
Trephine
Spaces in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
Ventricles
¬¬¬______ below means "bringing structures apart"
-Ipsilateral
-Contralateral
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-Adduct
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-Abduct
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Which of the following terms refers to a point nearest a limb's point of attachment?
-Peripheral
-Central
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-Proximal
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-Distal
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The type of orientation used in MRI and CT scans is
-clinical orientation
-anatomical orientation
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Which part of the nervous system controls our fight or flight response
-Autonomic nervous system
-Sympathetic nervous system
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-Parasympathetic nervous system
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-Enteric nervous system
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What part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
-Peripheral nervous system
-Central nervous system
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-Autonomic nervous system
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-Somatic nervous system
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Which part of the nervous system includes the spinal and cranial nerves?
-Peripheral nervous system
-Central nervous system
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-Autonomic nervous system
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-Somatic nervous system
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The starting stance to describe anatomical features and positions
Anatomical position
Involved in body functions that happen automatically and without conscious control
Autonomic nervous system
Three-part structure that is continuous with the spinal cord and lies inferior to the cerebral hemispheres
Brainstem
Inferior
Caudal
The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
A structure tat lies just posterior to the pons and is involved in the coordination and precision of fine motor movement
Cerebellum
The areas of the brain that control higher cortical functions such as cognition and language as well as planning motor function and interpreting sensory experiences
Cerebral hemispheres
Opposite side
Contralateral
A body section that splits a structure into front and back portions
Coronal
The point where a contralateral tract crosses from left to right (or right to left)
Decussation
A neurodevelopmental term for a set of brain structures found superior to the midbrain
Diencephalon
The part of the limb farthest from its attachment
Distal
A part of the autonomic nervous system that manages the gastrointestinal system
Enteric nervous system
A part of the diencephalon that regulates genital development, the sleek-wake cycle, and optic reflexes
Epithalamus
The act of straightening a joint
Extension
The act of bending a joint
Flexion
A part of the diencephalon that regulates various body functions (e.g. body temperature)
Hypothalamus
From a low position
Inferior
Same sides
Ipsilateral
Away from the body's midline
Lateral
Toward the body's midline
Medial
A three-layer membrane that surrounds and protects the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord
Meninges
An inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
A neurodevelopmental term for those embryonic structures that will develop into the midbrain
Mesencephalon
A neurodevelopmental term for those embryonic structures that will develop into pons and cerebellum
Metencephalon
A body plane or section that cuts an organ in equal right and left portions
Midsagittal
A neurodevelopmental term for those embryonic structures that will develop into the medulla
Myelencephalon
A body plane or section that cuts an organ into uneven left and right portions
Parasagittal
A part of the autonomic system that calms and relaxes the body through slowing the heart and lowering blood pressure
Parasympathetic nervous system
The part of the nervous system made up of the cranial and spinal nerves
Peripheral nervous system
Toward the back
Posterior
When the face\ventral surface is down
Pronate
A neurodevelopmental term for the forebrain, which will develop into the diencephalon and telencephalon
Prosencephalon
The point nearest a limb's attachment
Proximal
A body section that divides the body of a specific anatomic structure into left and right portions
Sagittal
A part of the nervous system that voluntarily and consciously coordinates the body's skeletal muscles for movement
Somatic nervous system
A part of the diencephalon that regulates and coordinates motor function
Subthalamus
From a high position
Superior
When the face\ventral surface is up
Suprine
A part of the autonomic nervous system that excited the body for action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline
Sympathetic nervous system
A part of the diencephalon that acts a relay station for sensory fibers
Thalamus
A body or section of the body that splits a structure into top and bottom portions
Transverse
Toward the stomach
Ventral
A bony cylinder of 32 to 34 segments that surround and protects the spinal cord
Vertebral column
The part of the sensory nervous system that mediates general sensory information like stretch, pain, temperature, and irritation in the internal organs as well as sensations like nausea and hunger, for the brain
Visceral sensory system
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