LS23L Final

The Sanger method does NOT use which of the following:

Select one:
a. RNA as the template to be sequenced
b. dNTPs as the building block of the newly synthesized strands
c. a sequencing primer for annealing to the template
d. ddNTPs as the terminator of the newly synthesized strands
e. DNA polymerase to catalyze the reaction
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The Sanger method does NOT use which of the following:

Select one:
a. RNA as the template to be sequenced
b. dNTPs as the building block of the newly synthesized strands
c. a sequencing primer for annealing to the template
d. ddNTPs as the terminator of the newly synthesized strands
e. DNA polymerase to catalyze the reaction
a. RNA as the template to be sequenced
In a bimodal distribution of data, you would have:

Select one:
a. One mode, two means, and one median.
b. Two modes, one mean, and two medians.
c. One mode, one mean, and one median.
d. Two modes, one mean, and one median.
e. Two modes, two means, and one median.
d. Two modes, one mean, and one median.
An ectotherm is:

Select one:
a. An animal that continually radiates heat to its environment
b. None of these
c. All of these
d. An animal that is capable of generating its own body heat therefore its body temperature stays constant over a wide range of ambient temperature.
e. An animal that obtains its body heat from the environment therefore its body temperature varies with outside temperature
e. An animal that obtains its body heat from the environment therefore its body temperature varies with outside temperature
Does the mitochondrial DNA sequence amplified by PCR in the DNA Isolation lab code for functional proteins?

Select one:
a. No, the amplified sequence is located in the control region, and therefore does not control the coding of functional proteins.
b. No, mitochondrial DNA sequences never code for functional proteins.
c. No, only RNA sequences and nuclear DNA sequences code for functional proteins.
d. Yes, all mitochondrial DNA sequences code for functional proteins.
e. Yes, the amplified sequence is located in the control region, and therefore controls the coding of functional proteins.
a. No, the amplified sequence is located in the control region, and therefore does not control the coding of functional proteins.
All of the following is true about agarose gels EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. Agarose gel electrophoresis can be used for the separation of DNA fragments.
b. Agarose gel electrophoresis has a higher resolution than SDS-PAGE.
c. Agarose is safe to handle, whereas acrylamide is a neurotoxin.
d. Conventionally, agarose gel electrophoresis is set up horizontally.
e. The pores in agarose gels are bigger than those in polyacrylamide gels.
b. Agarose gel electrophoresis has a higher resolution than SDS-PAGE.
In the Gel Electrophoresis lab, why did we not add SDS and beta mercaptoethanol to the agarose gel before loading our PCR product?

Select one:
a. The PCR product is already linear and has a negative charge associated with it.
b. The agarose gel was run horizontally instead of vertically.
c. The PCR product is so small that SDS and beta mercaptoethanol are not needed.
d. The GelRed acted as a reducing agent and gave the PCR product a negative charge.
e. The agarose gel is non-toxic, so we do not need SDS and beta mercaptoethanol.
a. The PCR product is already linear and has a negative charge associated with it
In the human physiology lab, which of the following sensors was used to measure the force with which a hand can grip or pinch?

Select one:
a. Hand grip heart rate monitor
b. Electromyogram
c. Hand dynamometer
d. Spirometer
c. Hand dynamometer
What does the Z gene on the Lac operon code for?

Select one:
a. RNA Polymerase
b. Lac Repressor
c. Thiogalactoside Transacetylase
d. Lactose Permease
e. Beta Galactosidase
e. Beta Galactosidase
If you are asked to pipet 590 microliters of colored water, which pipetter would you use and what is the proper setting in each volumeter window? (top, middle, bottom)

Select one:
a. p1000 (0,5,9)
b. p20 (5,9,0)
c. p200 (5,9,0)
d. p1000 (5,9,0)
e. p200 (0,5,9)
Question 10
a. p1000 (0,5,9)
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding the differences between a dissecting microscope and a compound microscope?

Select one:
a. Dissecting microscopes do not have as high a magnification as compound microscopes.
b. The magnification of a compound microscope is discrete, while the magnification of a dissecting microscope is continuous.
c. A compound microscope displays a mirror image of the object, while a dissecting microscope displays an image in the same orientation of the object.
d. Light shines on the sample for a dissecting microscope, while light penetrates a sample for a compound microscope.
e. The compound microscope is used for gross morphological examination, while the dissecting microscope is used to examine cellular structure.
e. The compound microscope is used for gross morphological examination, while the dissecting microscope is used to examine cellular structure.
In a recent study, scientists proposed the following hypothesis: "Consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the size of cancerous tumors." The following hypothesis was tested. A sample of 500 rats with tumors was collected. Within this sample size, 250 rats were feed with omega-3 (Group 1) while the remaining 250 rats were not (Group 2). After one month of periodically feeding Group 1 with Omega-3 fatty acid, rat autopsies were taken for both groups. The average changes of tumor size were measure and recorded. Average Change of Tumor Size Group 1: -0.124 g Group 2: -0.112 g Degrees of Freedom: 498 T-test: 1.75 P-value: 0.08 Based on the results from the experiment, which of the following is the best conclusion? Select one: a. Consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid decreases the size of previous cancerous tumors with statistical significance. b. Absence of Omega-3 fatty acid in the diet directly decreases the size of previous cancerous tumors. c. Consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid has no statistical effect on decreasing the size of previous cancerous tumors. d. Absence of Omega-3 fatty acid in the diet decreases the size of previous cancerous tumors with statistical significance. e. Consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid directly decreases the size of previous cancerous tumors.c. Consumption of Omega-3 fatty acid has no statistical effect on decreasing the size of previous cancerous tumors.A scientist runs an SDS-PAGE experiment two separate times on a protein with a molecular weight of 200 kD. For the first experiment he treats the protein with SDS only and for the second experiment he treats the protein with both SDS and a reducing agent. If the first gel yields one band showing a molecular weight of 200 kD and the second run yields one band showing a molecular weight of 25 kD, the researcher should conclude that Select one: a. The protein contains only covalent bonds and no non-covalent interactions. b. The protein contains no disulfide linkages. c. The protein has only 1 subunit because both runs yield a single band. d. The consists of 2 subunits of equal size connected by a disulfide linkage. e. The consists of 8 subunits of equal size connected by a disulfide linkage.e. The consists of 8 subunits of equal size connected by a disulfide linkage.In the absence of lactose, what gene(s) on the lac operon is/are transcribed? Select one: a. X and Y genes b. I gene c. I and Z genes d. Z gene e. X, Y and Z genesb. I geneIn the Human Physiology lab, you were required to wear a lab coat even though you weren't working with chemicals, because you were in a lab room. Select one: True FalseFalseIn the Human Physiology lab, you had to complete every experiment at every station in order to earn full credit. Select one: True FalseFalseAn assay of which of the following solutions will theoretically have the highest amount of b-galactosidase enzyme activity? Select one: a. Luria Broth, glucose and lactose, at 20 mins of incubation b. Luria Broth, glucose and lactose, at 70 mins of incubation c. Luria Broth and lactose, at 20 mins of incubation d. Luria Broth & glucose, at 20mins of incubation e. Luria Broth and lactose, at 70 mins of incubatione. Luria Broth and lactose, at 70 mins of incubationThe picture below shows the volumeter window for a p20 pipetter. What volume will be pipetted with these settings? p20 unknown vol 2 - 0,9,7 Select one: a. 97 milliters (ml) b. 9.7 microliters (ul) c. 0.97 millileters (ml) d. 97 microliters (ul) e. 9.7 milliliters (ml)b. 9.7 microliters (ul)Which of the following techniques for handling a pipetter is INCORRECT: Select one: a. You must be sure to press the pushbutton to the first positive stop before placing the tip of the pipet into the sample liquid. b. When drawing up the sample liquid into the pipet tip make sure that you slowly release the pushbutton so as to prevent any air bubbles from forming. c. When releasing the liquid, you must first press the pushbutton to the first stop, then to the second stop so as to expel any remaining liquid. d. All of these techniques are CORRECT. e. A different disposable polyprolene tip should be used when pipetting different solutions so as to ensure no cross contamination between samples.d. All of these techniques are CORRECT.Cows are ruminant animals that have four stomachs. The stomach contains bacteria that break down cellulose. Which organ of the rat serves the same function? Select one: a. Liver b. Spleen c. Pancreas d. cecum e. Large Intestined. cecumA student was trying to identify three slides. The first slide consisted of a cluster of cells that contained no nuclei. The second slide consisted of cells that were very densely packed with nuclei. The third slide consisted of cells that were porous in places, with nuclei that were spread out. What did the three slides depict? Select one: a. The three slides depicted red blood cells, thymus, and bone tissue, respectively. b. The three slides depicted red blood cells, liver, and neurons, respectively. c. The three slides depicted kidney, liver, and bone tissue, respectively. d. The three slides depicted liver, red blood cells, and neurons, respectively. e. The three slides depicted thymus, kidney, and red blood cells, respectively.a. The three slides depicted red blood cells, thymus, and bone tissue, respectively.What property allows the dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) to terminate DNA synthesis when added to a growing chain? Select one: a. ddNTPs have a methyl group instead of a -OH group at the 3' position of the ribose. b. ddNTPs have -OH groups at both the 2' and 3' position of the ribose. c. ddNTPs have a -H group instead of a -OH group at the 3' position of the ribose. d. ddNTPs have a methyl group instead of a -OH group at the 3' position of the ribose. e. ddNTPs are composed of a hexose instead of a pentose sugar.c. ddNTPs have a -H group instead of a -OH group at the 3' position of the ribose.Suppose a woman with haplotype H and a man with haplotype K have a son. The son then marries a woman with haplotype L1. If this couple had one son and one daughter, what would be the respective haplotypes for their son and the daughter? Select one: a. L1 and H b. H and H c. K and H d. L1 and L1 e. K and L1d. L1 and L1In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis stops when a ________ is encountered. Select one: a. Purine base b. Dideoxyribose base c. Ribose d. Deoxyribose base e. Pyrimidine baseb. Dideoxyribose baseIn a series of experiments on the effect of caffeine on goldfish metabolic rates, a p-value of 0.28 is found. The conclusion that should be drawn from these experiments is: Select one: a. Caffeine did not have a significant effect on metabolic rate and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected b. Caffeine did affect metabolic rate and the null hypothesis is rejected c. Caffeine did affect metabolic rate and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected d. There is not enough data to draw any conclusions on the null hypothesis e. Caffeine did not have a significant effect on metabolic rate and the null hypothesis is rejecteda. Caffeine did not have a significant effect on metabolic rate and the null hypothesis cannot be rejectedIn the Human Physiology lab, what physiological activity were we NOT able to measure? Select one: a. Electrical activity of muscles b. Heart rate changes c. Kidney filtration d. Lung volumesc. Kidney filtration1 microgram (μg) is equal to how many milligrams (mg)? Select one: a. 0.001 b. 0.01 c. 10 d. 100 e. 1000a. 0.001Anterior is equivalent to what part of the rat's body? Select one: a. It is towards the head in a rat b. None of these c. It is the same as saying dorsal d. It is towards the tail in a rat e. It is the same as saying posteriora. It is towards the head in a ratIn the goldfish metabolism lab, there was a probe attached to the chamber. Select one: a. The probe was crucial in maintaining constant dissolved oxygen levels. b. The probe was measuring the dissolved carbon dioxide concentration in the water independent of the mass of the goldfish. c. The probe was measuring the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted from the fish. d. The probe was measuring metabolic rate of the goldfish independent of the mass of the goldfish. e. The probe was measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water.e. The probe was measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water.Which of the following is critical in designing a scientific experiment to test memory in chimpanzees? Select one: a. The experimenter should control for lurking variables by specifying standard conditions (i.e. room temperature). b. The experimenter's objective is to obtain data with a p-value with the highest possible value. c. The sample size should be as small as possible so the data can be analyzed efficiently. d. There is no need for repeated trials because the chimpanzees would perform similarly on subsequent memory tests. e. Only chimpanzees with intermediate weights should be included so that no extreme results are observed.a. The experimenter should control for lurking variables by specifying standard conditions (i.e. room temperature).A null hypothesis states that the difference between 8 hours of sleep and 3 hours of sleep has no effect on the number of pictures a student will remember during a Picture Memory Interface Test (PMIT). Examining the MIT database, an extremely small t-value of 0.1611 is found. This t-value is much smaller than the smallest t-value on the chart for p-value reference. From this information we can: Select one: a. Accept the null hypothesis because the p-value obtained was statistically significant b. Reject the null hypothesis because the data obtained is statistically significant c. Reject the null hypothesis because of the p-value obtained d. Accept the null hypothesis because the p-value obtained shows that the difference between the two groups being tested is not statistically significantd. Accept the null hypothesis because the p-value obtained shows that the difference between the two groups being tested is not statistically significantAn antibody, with molecular weight 90 kD in its native state, is treated with SDS and a reducing agent before being loaded onto an SDS-PAGE gel. The result shows 2 bands, one is 20 kD and the other band is at 50 kD. How many subunits are in this antibody? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5c. 3What is the relationship between mass-specific metabolism and body size? Select one: a. AS body size increases, M-S metabolism stays the same b. As body size decreases, M-S metabolism stays the same. c. As body size decreases, M-S metabolism decreases d. None of these e. As body size increases, M-S metabolism decreasese. As body size increases, M-S metabolism decreasesWhich of these primer design problems is the most serious for the PCR procedure? Select one: a. The sequence has mismatched nucleotides at the 5' end because PCR cannot begin correctly from this mismatch. b. The sequence has mismatched nucleotides in the center because shifted sequences will amplify mutation affecting protein function. c. The sequence has mismatched nucleotides at the 3' end because the replication cannot extend from this mismatch. d. The sequence is greater than 20 base pairs long. e. The sequence has an altered melting temperature due to a deficiency of A-T bonds.c. The sequence has mismatched nucleotides at the 3' end because the replication cannot extend from this mismatch.All of the following characterize a good PCR primer except: Select one: a. high Guanine and Cytosine content b. 100-110 base pair length c. similar melting points for forward and reverse primers d. lack of consecutive identical base pairsb. 100-110 base pair lengthThe small intestine of a rat: Select one: a. Is smoother than the large intestine b. Is rougher than the large intestine c. There is no small intestine in a rat d. Is shorter than the large intestine e. Is longer than the large intestinee. Is longer than the large intestineUsing a microscope, you are trying to identify a tissue sample. Using a 40x objective and 10x ocular lens, you see striations within the tissue sample and parallel fibers. The unknown sample you are looking at is most likely: Select one: a. lung b. neurons c. skeletal muscle d. epithelium (skin) e. thymusc. skeletal muscleTamique tested E. Coli B-Galactosidase activity but the buffer solution she used for the B-Gal assay was 4 pH units higher than the optimal pH. What problem did Tamique observe? Select one: a. The pH of the solution was too acidic for transcription of the B-Galactosidase gene. b. The pH of the solution was too basic for B-Galactosidase to bind to o-nitrophenol. c. No problems were observed. d. The pH of the solution was too basic to disrupt the cell membrane. e. The pH of the solution was too basic for B-Galactosidase to bind to ONPG.e. The pH of the solution was too basic for B-Galactosidase to bind to ONPG.What are differences between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA? Select one: a. Only two of these are correct. b. One uses uracil, one uses thiamine. c. One is double-stranded, one is single-stranded. d. One is linear, one is circular. e. All of these are correct.d. One is linear, one is circular.A life science student uses a compound microscope to look at a slide of human tissue. He is not sure what part of the body the tissue is from, but makes an educated guess based on the cells he sees on the slide. There are hundreds of round disks with no nucleus, as well as a couple of purple-colored disk-like cells. The student would most likely guess that the tissue is of.....? Select one: a. Blood b. Muscle c. Lung d. Thymus e. Bonea. BloodBeginning with the stomach, which of the following follows the correct path of the digestive system? Select one: a. stomach, pyloric valve, duodenum, small intestine, ileocolic, valve, large intestine, rectum b. stomach, duodenum, colon, small intestine, sphincter, large intestine, rectum c. stomach, ileum, ileocolic valve, small intestine, duodenum, rectum d. stomach, pyloric valve, duodenum, pyloric valve, small intestine, ileocolic valve, colon, rectum e. stomach, pyloric valve, small intestine, ileocolic valve, duodenum, large intestine, rectuma. stomach, pyloric valve, duodenum, small intestine, ileocolic valve, large intestine, rectum