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VPATH Exam 1

Terms in this set (30)

tropism
rage of cell types that a virus can infect
sialic acid
sugar present at end of sugar chain that is attached to glycoproteins: receptor for influenza
glycosaminoglycans
long repeating chains of polysaccharides: receptor for herpes and vaccinia viruses
Ig-like domains
tertiary structure that is important in protein/protein interactions: sticky motif that is receptor for many viruses including
integrins
cell adhesion proteins that act as receptors for adenoviruses
poliovirus receptor (CD155)
binds polio (contains Ig-like domain)
CD46
initially thought to be receptor for measles virus
SLAM, NECTIN4
measles virus receptors
- SLAM is in immune cells
- Nectin 4 is in epithelial cells
ACE2
SARS virus receptor tha binds spike protein
detection of viral proteins
use westerns, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, immunofluorescence microscopy, enzymatic assay
detection of viral nucleic acids
- use primers that are specific to virus of interest

PCR, RT-PCR, real time PCR
detection of cytopathic effects
endpoint dilution assay and plaque assay

- not specific to any virus in particular
Env
glycoprotein on HIV: cleaved into SU (gp120 surface) and TM (gp41 transmembrane)
CD4
receptor on immune cells that binds Env on HIV
CCR5 and CXCR4
co-receptors needed for HIV entry into cells

-CCR5 is found in early (R5) stage

- CXCR4 is found in later (X4) stage

- some strains can bind both
cell side preference
prefer to bind to apical side because that is what is usually facing lumen
B-cyclodextrin
drug that destroys lipid rafts

- minimize HIV entry because CD4 and CCR5 are attached to lipid rafts
viral entry via membrane fusion
retroviruses, paramyxoviruses, and herpesvirus
viral entry via fusion with internal membrane
influenza, togaviruses, and flaviviruses
viral entry via disruption of internal membrane
non-enveloped virus
paramyxovirus
measles and mumps viruses
flavivirus and togavirus
Semliki, Dengue, West Nile, and Venezuelan Equine
Orthomyxovirus
influenza (A, B, C)
adenoviruses (Ad1/2)
bind to Car on host cells and use integrin co-receptor
SV40
an example of a small dsDNA virus

- completely dependent on host machinery

- early and late expression

- 7 proteins, with LT and ST being most important for stage transition
vaccinia virus
an example of a large dsDNA pox virus

- everything takes place in cytoplasm; has own machinery

- early, intermediate, and late gene products
retroviruses
- example of virus with an mRNA genome

- unlike + RNA virus, it is converted to DNA (provirus) by RT

- RNA has tRNA primer and RNase H domain

- flu retrovirus has NF-kB and SP1 promoter elements

- TAT production: good processivity, giant polypeptide production

- GAG structural proteins made
Rhabdoviruses (VSV)
an example of a - RNA virus

- uses RdRp to make 5 proteins: N, P, M, G, L

- stutter ( high U ) sequences cause poly to make poly A tail

- accumulation of N causes shift in RdRp function

- now makes anti-genome, which acts as a template for genome replication
anti-genomes
- genetic material that represents the copy of what was originally in viral capsid

- full length genome

- no cap or poly a tail

- usually act as templates for the production of more viral genomes
flaviviruses
an example of a virus with a +RNA genome

- can begin making viral protein right away

- make anti-genome as template
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