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CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Terms in this set (63)

a. anatomy
The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called _____.
1. a. anatomy
b. physiology
c. kinesiology
d. histology
c. physiology
The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is called _____.
1. a. neurology
b. anatomy
c. physiology
d. reflexology
b. cells
The basic units of all living things are _____.
1. a. bacteria
b. cells
c. plasmas
d. hormones
a. protoplasm
The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____.
1. a. protoplasm
b. neoplasm
c. ultraplasm
d. cytoplasm
a. nucleus
The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the _____.
1. a. nucleus
b. membrane
c. neuron
d. origin
a. Protoplasm; nucleus
_____ is to raw egg white as _____ is to raw egg yolk. a. Protoplasm; nucleus
b. Cell membrane; protoplasm
c. Nucleus; cytoplasm
d. Cytoplasm; cell membrane
d. Cytoplasm
What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction?
a. Cell membrane
b. Cerebrospinal fluid
c. Mitosis
d. Cytoplasm
a. mitosis
In living organisms, cell reproduction is called _____.
1. a. mitosis
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. aptosis
b. daughter
Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called _____ cells.
1. a. neutral
b. daughter
c. twin
d. sibling
a. tissue
A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.
a. tissue
b. structure
c. organ
d. organism
b. Connective tissue
What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?
a. Nerve tissue
b. Connective tissue
c. Epithelial tissue
d. Muscle tissue
d. adipose
Another term for fat is _____ tissue.
1. a. nerve
b. muscle
c. epithelial
d. adipose
b. Epithelial
You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth. What type of tissue have you damaged?
1. a. Endocrine
b. Epithelial
c. Nerve
d. Lymphatic
c. nerve
The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is _____ tissue.
a. endocrine
b. epithelial
c. nerve
c. organs
Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are called _____.
1. a. cells
b. hormones
c. organs
d. neurons
b. skeletal system
The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the _____.
1. a. nervous system
b. skeletal system
c. muscular system
d. endocrine system
c. 206
How many bones are in the adult human body?
1. a. 186
b. 196
c. 206
d. 216
a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint
The joint pain people complain about is often caused by _____.
a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint
b. damage to the joint itself
c. circulatory impairments
d. nervous system damage
d. cranium and facial bones
The skull consists of the _____.
a. temporal and occipital bones
b. sphenoid and hyoid bones
c. vertebrae and discs
d. cranium and facial bones
d. Fourteen
The facial skeleton has how many bones?
1. a. Six
b. Eight
c. Twelve
d. Fourteen
c. occipital
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.
1. a. temporal
b. mandible
c. occipital
d. frontal
d. sphenoid bone
QUESTION 22
The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the ____
a. ethmoid bone
b. parietal bone
c. malar bone
d. sphenoid bone
d. zygomatic bones
The cheekbones are also called the _____.
1. a. hyoid bones
b. lacrimal bones
c. ethmoid bones
d. zygomatic bones
b. thorax
The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the _____.
1. a. sternum
b. thorax
c. scapula
d. clavicle
c. ulna
The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the _____.
1. a. humerus
b. carpus
c. ulna
d. radius
d. radius
The smaller bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb, is the _____.
1. a. hyoid
b. humerus
c. ulna
d. radius
a. phalanges
The bones in the fingers or digits are called _____.
1. a. phalanges
b. metacarpus
c. scapula
d. carpus
a. femur
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the _____.
1. a. femur
b. tibia
c. fibula
d. patella
a. Three
The ankle joint is composed of how many bones?
1. a. Three
b. Four
c. Six
d. Nine
d. origin
The part of the muscle that does not move is the _____.
1. a. ligament
b. tendon
c. insertion
d. origin
b. belly
The middle part of the muscle is called the _____.
1. a. nucleus
b. belly
c. insertion
d. origin
c. insertion
The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the _____.
1. a. ligament
b. tendon
c. insertion
d. origin
b. insertion to the origin
Pressure in massage is usually directed from the _____.
a. insertion to beginning
b. insertion to the origin
c. skeleton to origin
d. front to sides
a. Sternocleidomastoideus
To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using?
a. Sternocleidomastoideus
b. Temporalis
c. Masseter
d. Aponeurosis
c. Orbicularis oculi
Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you instructing the client to use?
a. Temporal oculi
b. Corrugator muscle
c. Orbicularis oculi
d. Latissimus dorsi
a. Corrugator muscle
You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor's eyebrows are down and her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using?
a. Corrugator muscle
b. Masseter muscle
c. Orbicularis oculi muscle
d. Epicranius muscle
d. Levator palpebrae superioris
Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application?
a. Corrugator
b. Orbicularis oculi
c. Platysma
d. Levator palpebrae superioris
D. TRAPEZIUS
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the _____.
a. corrugator muscle
b. pectoralis minor
c. latissimus dorsi
d. trapezius
c. pronators
The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the _____.
a. flexors
b. supinators
c. pronators
d. levitators
c. adductors
Muscles that draw the fingers together the fingers are called _____.
1. a. abductors
b. pronators
c. adductors
d. extensors
a. neurology
The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called _____.
1. a. neurology
b. anatomy
c. physiology
d. reflexology
b. Three
The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?
1. a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Six
c. Central
What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses?
1. a. Peripheral
b. Autonomic
c. Central
d. Somatic
c. brain
The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the _____.
1. a. spinal cord
b. neurons
c. brain
d. PNS
a. reflex
The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) _____.
a. reflex
b. instinct
c. activation
d. inflammation
c. nerves
The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up the nervous system are called _____.
1. a. nuclei
b. glands
c. nerves
d. lymphatics
c. trigeminal nerve
The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the _____.
a. sensory nerve
b. mandibular nerve
c. trigeminal nerve
d. ophthalmic nerve
a. Sural nerve
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
a. Sural nerve
b. Common peroneal nerve
c. Saphenous nerve
d. Dorsal nerve
c. Ventricle
To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned?
1. a. left atrium
b. Mitral valve
c. Ventricle
d. Pericardium
c. veins
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are _____.
a. buccinators
b. capillaries
c. veins
d. arteries
b. 8 to 10 pints
How much blood is in the adult human body?
a. 5 to 7 pints
b. 8 to 10 pints
c. 3 to 4 quarts
d. 5 to 6 quarts
b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference in color?
a. The addition of iron
b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
c. The return of needed sugars
d. The substitution of carbon monoxide for oxygen
a. common carotid arteries
The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____.
a. common carotid arteries
b. common aorta arteries
c. internal jugular
d. serratus anterior arteries
b. Thymus gland
Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?
1. a. Thyroid
b. Thymus gland
c. Pancreas
d. Pineal
c. natural covering
The word integument means _____.
a. blood vessels
b. hormone
c. natural covering
d. gland
c. 4
One square centimeter of skin contains_____ yards of nerves.
1. a. 12
b. 3
c. 4
d. 10
a. endocrine glands
Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are _____.
a. endocrine glands
b. digestive glands
c. exocrine glands
d. sweat glands
c. hormones
Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of _____.
a. digestive enzymes
b. waste products
c. hormones
d. proteins
a. Pineal
Which gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?
1. a. Pineal
b. Pituitary
c. Thyroid
d. Spleen
b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails
How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client's thyroid function?
a. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

a. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails
c. Signs of infection including abscesses
d. Improved muscle tone throughout the body
c. Ovaries
Which organ is part of the female reproductive system?
1. a. Urethra
b. Prostate
c. Ovaries
d. Testes
a. Testosterone
The primary male reproductive hormone is _____.
1 a. Testosterone
b. Insulin
c. Progestin
d. Estrogen
c. hormones
Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the results of changing or fluctuating _____.
a. cells
b. tissues
c. hormones
d. metabolism
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