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Uncertainty in Measurement - Chem 9/16

Terms in this set (11)

how to get error
experimental value - accepted value
how to get error %
absolute value of error
--------------------------- x 100
accepted value
1.991 x 10⁶
if the exponent is POSITIVE, move the decimal point n times to the LEFT
4.1 x 10⁻⁵
if the exponent is NEGATIVE, move the decimal point n times to the RIGHT
if the number is negative
it is too low for the accepted value
numbers with no zeros
significant figures
leading zeros (zeros in front of #)
NOT significant figures
Trailing zeros (zeros after a sig fig)
significant ONLY if there is a decimal point in the number
ex: 400. - 3 sig fig (there is a . at the end)
zeros behind a decimal but in front of sig fig
the zeros are NOT significant
ex: 0.0054 - 2 sig figs
multiplication and division - rounding
round the answer to the smallest # of sig figs in the original problem
ex: 6.38 x 2.0 does not equal 12.76 - round up to make it 2 sig figs, so 13 because the least amount of sig figs in the problem is 2, the answer should match
addition and subtraction - rounding
round the answer to the fewest # of decimals in the original problem
ex: 6.8 + 11.934 does not equal 18.734 - round to 18.7 bc the fewest decimal is in 6.8, only one decimal point, the sanwer should match
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