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Hygiene and Self-Care

Terms in this set (30)

Professional Appearance
✯ Personal Hygiene: Essentials for the Nurse
▪︎ __________ ________
⇢ Clean and neat hair style
⇢ Excellent oral and skin care
⇢ Minimal makeup
⇢ Minimal jewelry
⇢ Short natural nails
⇢ No perfumes
⇢ Clean shoes
⇢ Clean, wrinkle free uniform
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
✯ _________ _________ _________
▪︎ Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.
▪︎ Universal Precautions
⇢ Guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious
▪︎ Isolation
⇢ Put on Gown, Mask, Goggles, and Gloves in that order. Take off Gloves, Googles, Gown, and Mask.
⇢ Use only articles required for each isolation level. (Contact, Droplet, Airborne)
Contact PPE
✯ Used for infections, diseases, or germs that are spread by touching the patient or items in the room (examples: MRSA, VRE, diarrheal illnesses, open wounds, RSV).

✯ Gown and Gloves
⇢ Wear PPE (usually gloves, impervious gown)
⇢ Ex: C-diff (must use soap and water)
Airborne PPE
✯ Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei. Ex: TB
✯ PPE: Hand Hygiene, Gloves, N95 mask, and Impervious Gown
✯ Negative pressure room with door closed.
Droplet PPE
✯ Use for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing, or talking. Ex: Influenza, Rubella, mumps, diphtheria

✯ PPE: Gloves, mask, face shield. Keep visitors 3 ft away from patients.
Early Morning Care
✯ Personal Hygiene: Essentials for the Patient
▪︎ _________ _________ _________~ Usually before breakfast
⇢ Assist to bathroom, bedside commode (BSC), bedpan or urinal.
⇢ Provide supplies for hand/face washing, mouth care, comb hair.
⇢ Assist with glasses, denture and hearing aide insertion
AM Care
✯ _______ ________- Usually after breakfast
▪︎ Assist with partial or complete bath, shower or baths in a bag.
⇢ Provide privacy
⇢ Maintain safety
⇢ Keep H2O warm and change it PRN
⇢ Wash top to bottom and front to back.
⇢ Use gentle, firm strokes
⇢ Dry thoroughly.
⇢ Promote independence.
C
✯ A nurse is caring for a patient with a skin problem. What question or statement would be most useful in eliciting information about personal care?
▪︎ A. Perhaps you don't recognize your bad body odor.
▪︎ B. You must eat a lot of greasy foods to have this acne.
▪︎ C. Tell me about what you do to take care of your skin.
▪︎ D. Why do you only take a bath once a week?
Leg, Foot, and Nail Care
✯ _______, _______, and _______ _______
▪︎ Wash feet with lukewarm water
▪︎ Dry thoroughly especially in-between toes
▪︎ Apply lotion to dry areas
▪︎ Always remove TEDs and SCDs before the bath and replace after completion.
▪︎ Avoid massage of reddened areas
▪︎ Provide diabetic foot care if indicated. Education is imperative. Request podiatric consult when indicated.
Hair Care
✯ _______ _______
▪︎ Identify patient's usual hair and scalp care practices and styling preferences.
⇢ Note history of hair or scalp problems such as dandruff, hair loss, or baldness.
▪︎ Comb or brush hair
▪︎ Wash as appropriate
⇢ Shampoo & water/Waterless shampoo
⇢ Shampoo Caps
➢➢ be sure to open and check temperature
▪︎ Shaving
⇢ Groom beard and mustache
⇢ Shave in the direction of hair growth
⇢ Note if patient is on blood thinners
➢➢ Use electric razor
▪︎ Treat any infestations, such as pediculosis and ticks.
C
Which gum disease manifests as a marked inflammation of the gums that also involves a degeneration of the dental tissues and bone?
▪︎ A. Dental caries
▪︎ B. Gingivitis
▪︎ C. Periodontitis
▪︎ D. Plaque
Mouth and Oral Care
✯ _______ and _______ _______
▪︎ Assist with brushing and flossing
⇢ Patient on blood thinner = soft brush
▪︎ Use swabs for patients with stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa)
▪︎ Patient on oxygen:
⇢ Mucous membranes dry out.
➢➢ Keep them moist and provide good mouth care
▪︎ Patient with dentures:
⇢ Clean mouth
⇢ Clean dentures
➢➢ Line sink with wash cloth or towel
▪︎ Unconscious patient
⇢ Lower the head of the bed.
⇢ Place patient in the Sim's position
➢➢ Head well towards the side
⇢ Use kidney basin and suction to prevent aspiration
Eye Care
✯ _______ _______
▪︎ Clean from inner to outer canthus with wet, warm cloth, cotton ball, or compress
▪︎ Use new area of wash cloth on each eye
▪︎ Assist removal/insertion of contacts/artificial eye
▪︎ Clean glasses and assist with placement
Ear Care
✯ _______ _______
▪︎ Wash behind ears. Wash external ear with washcloth-covered finger; do not use cotton-tipped swabs.
▪︎ Perform hearing aid teaching and care if indicated
▪︎ Clean hearing aides with soft cloth
▪︎ Assist with placement of hearing aides
Nose Care
✯ _______ _______
▪︎ Particular attention is required when a patient has a nasogastric or endotracheal tube inserted through the nose.
⇢ Clean accumulated secretions from around the tube.
⇢ Replace tape once a day to prevent nasal mucosal irritation.
Feeding
✯ ____________
▪︎ Assess patient's ability to feed themselves
▪︎ Desire to make food choices/eat
▪︎ Energy and muscular movement to eat
▪︎ Ability to safely chew and swallow
Toileting
✯ ____________
▪︎ Use of the toilet, bedside commode or bedpan
⇢ Urinal use
➢➢ Keep off over bed table
➢➢ If urinal is full, assess amount of urine, color and clarity, empty and record output on I&O sheet
▪︎ Frequently associated with falls
▪︎ Assess patient's ability to assist
▪︎ Check ambulation orders
Dressing and Grooming
✯ _______ and _______
▪︎ Personal preferences
▪︎ Clothing if any ( may prefer hospital gown)
▪︎ Hair - wash and comb
▪︎ Shaving- use electric razor for patient taking anticoagulants
Bed Time Care
✯ _______ _______ _______
▪︎ Assist with elimination
▪︎ Assist patient in washing hands and face.
▪︎ Oral care
▪︎ Skin care
▪︎ Straighten or change bed linens PRN
Back Massage
✯ ________ _________
▪︎ Used as a relaxant after the bath or at bed time.
▪︎ Use warm lotion
▪︎ Use long, slow, gliding strokes. (Effleurage)
▪︎ Affects
⇢ Mood (anxiety)
⇢ Pain
⇢ Muscle tension
⇢ Blood pressure
⇢ Depth of respirations
Lifespan Considerations
✯ ________ _________
▪︎ Younger people may be independent with self-care
▪︎ Older adult
⇢ Skin less elastic, thinner
⇢ Hair is thinner
⇢ Dentures
⇢ May be HOH (hard of hearing)
Self-Care
✯ Factors affecting ________-_________

▪︎ Environment
⇢ Lack of access to facilities
⇢ Poverty may limit resources- water
⇢ Patients in wheelchairs- wheelchair access

▪︎ Motivation
⇢ Belief that self care is important
⇢ Patient to be as independent as possible

▪︎ Cognitive Abilities
⇢ May not recognize the need for care
⇢ May not be able to safely perform care

▪︎ Energy
⇢ Acute /chronic illness can decrease energy levels
⇢ Acute Illness /Surgery
⇢ May need assistance
⇢ Weakness

▪︎ Pain
⇢ Patient may be unwilling to move or care for themselves

▪︎ Neuromuscular Function
⇢ Assess level of impairment

▪︎ Sensory Deficits
⇢ Visually impaired
⇢ Hearing impaired
⇢ Neuropathy
Nursing Diagnoses
✯________ _________
▪︎ Self care deficit
▪︎ Impaired skin integrity
▪︎ Risk for injury
▪︎ Impaired mobility
▪︎ Ineffective health maintenance
Bathing Rationales
✯________ _________
▪︎ Provides opportunity for thorough skin assessment
▪︎ Eliminate perspiration, skin oils, dead skin cells and bacteria
⇢ Prevents body odor
▪︎ Enhances circulation and conditions skin
▪︎ Stimulates respiratory rate and depth
▪︎ Provides sensory input
▪︎ Allows for patient teaching, therapeutic conversation and touch
Perineal Care
✯________ _________
▪︎ Patients most in need of peri-care are those at greatest risk for infection.
⇢ Indwelling urinary catheters
⇢ Rectal/Genital/Perineal Surgery
⇢ Vaginal delivery/recent childbirth
▪︎ Clean all patients from areas of least contamination to areas most contaminated
▪︎ Peri-care is performed:
⇢ Daily with a bath
⇢ After every episode of incontinence
▪︎ Use Appropriate terminology
Male
✯ Perineal Care
▪︎ _________
⇢ Clean from the urinary meatus downward
➢➢ Retract and replace foreskin
⇢ Clean crevices
▪︎ Maintain a professional attitude to avoid embarrassment
▪︎ Engage patient in conversation for diversion
Female
✯ Perineal Care
▪︎ _________
⇢ Clean front to back (pubic bone to sacrum)
▪︎ Maintain a professional attitude to avoid embarrassment
▪︎ Engage patient in conversation for diversion
Bed Making
✯________ _________
▪︎ Wear clean gloves.
▪︎ Encourage patient to get out of bed.
▪︎ Place soiled linens in linen bag avoiding contact with your uniform.
▪︎ Avoid shaking sheets, fold out on to the surface of the bed.
▪︎ Do not place pillow under your chin.
Patient/Bed Safety
✯Ensuring ________/_________ _________
▪︎ The bed is
⇢ in its lowest position
⇢ position is safe for the patient
⇢ controls are functioning (bed is electrically safe)
▪︎ Side rails are raised if indicated.
▪︎ The wheels or casters are locked.
*** Be sure your patient knows how to reach you!!!
Room Clean-Up and Safety
✯________ ______-____ and _________
▪︎ Functioning call light within reach at all times
▪︎ Bed in low position (2nd mention)
▪︎ Wheels locked (2nd mention)
▪︎ Uncluttered walk space
▪︎ Note temperature, ventilation, noise and lighting in relation to patient's preference
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...