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EMT chp 14

Terms in this set (20)

A 67 year old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congesntive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has prescribed nitroglycerin. She is a conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 12 beats /min. Treatment for this patient includes:
A: nitroglycerin for her chest pain
B: ventilations with a bag mask device
C: oxygent a 4 L/min via nasal cannula
D: placing her in an upright position
D: placing her in an upright position
A 67 year old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:
A: defibrillate with the AED while continuing transport to the hospital
B: stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible
C: perform CPR for 1 to 2 minutes then analyze her rhythm with an AED
D: alert the receiving hosiptal and perform CPR for the duration of the transport
B: stop the ambulance, being CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible
Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:
A: a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions
B: the volume of blood that return returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates
C: as the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria
D: there is not enough time in between contractions for the hear to refill completely
D: there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely
Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest with one pad to the:
A: left of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the right of the left nipple
B: right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the right of the right nipple
C: left of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the right and below the left nipple
D: right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the left and below the left nipple
D: right of the upper sternum and the other pad just to the left and below the left nipple
Most paitnets are instructed by their physician to take up to ____ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS:
A: 2
B: 3
C: 4
D: 5
B: 3
Ischemic heart disease is MOST accurately defined as:
A: absent myocardial blood fow due to a blocked coronary artery
B: Decreased blood flow to one or most portions of the myocardium
C: death of a portion of the heart muslce due to a decrease in oxygen
D: decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to coronary dilation
B: decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
A: right atrium
B: right ventricle
C: left atrium
D: left ventricle
A: right atrium
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right sided heart failure?
A: labored breathing
B: dependent edema
C: pulmonary edema
D: flat jugular veins
B: dependent edema
A 40 year old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?
A: Avoid defibrillation as this will damage the patients AICD
B: contact medical control and request permission to defibrillate
C: deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR
D: Continue CPR and transport the patient to the closest appropriate hospital
C: Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption ofCPR
Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A: hypoglycemia
B: hypertension
C: diabetes mellitus
D: elevated cholesterol
A: hypoglycemia
The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because:
A: it is lightweight, easy to use, and safe for the EMT who is using it
B: It delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation
C: its use does not require the presence of ALS personnel
D: it delivers an unlimited number of shocks with the same amount of energy
B: it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation
Rapid, labored breating in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:
A: a cardiac arrhythmia
B: congestive heart failure
C: significant hypotension
D: right ventricular failure
B: congestive heart failure
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:
A: bundle of His
B: coronary sinus
C: sinoatrial (SA) node
D: atrioventricular (AV) node
C: sinoatrial (SA) node
During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a no shock advised message. This indicates that:
A: the AED has detected asystole
B: the AED detected paitnet motion
C: she is not in ventricular fibrillation
D: she has a pulse and does not need CPR
C: she is no in ventricular fibrillation
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in paitnets:
A: who have taken up to two doses
B: who has experienced a head injury
C: with a history of an ischemic stroke
D: with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg
B: who have experienced a head injury
Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must:
A: ensure the medication is in tablet form
B: obtain authorization from medical control
C: determine who prescribed the nitroglycerin
D: wait at least 5 minutes after assessing the blood pressure
B: obtain authorization from medical control
The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the ______, which originates from the ________
A: coronary sinus, vena cava
B: aorta, inferior vena cava
C: vena cava, coronary veins
D: coronary arteries, aorta
D: coronary arteries, aorta
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is term used to describe:
A: the warning signs that occur shortly before a heart attack
B: a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia
C: a severe decrease in perfusion caused by changes in heart rate
D: the exact moment that a coronary artery is completely occluded
B: a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia
Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:
A decreased pumping force of the hear muscle
B: a profound increase in the paitnet's heart rate
C: hypovolemia secondary to severe vomiting
D: widespread dilation of the systemic vasculature
A: decreased pumping force of the heart muscle
The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they:
A: are elderly
B: are in denial
C: cannot afford it
D: do not trust EMTs
B: are in denial
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