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Lewis Chapter 15 Cancer

Terms in this set (68)

The nurse is presenting a community education program related to cancer prevention. Based on current cancer death rate, the nurse emphasizes what as the most important preventative action for both women and men?
a. Smoking cessation
b. Routine colonoscopies
c. Frequent imaging tests
d. Regular examination of reproductive organs
a. Smoking cessation
What defect in cellular proliferation is involved in the development of cancer?
a. A rate of cell proliferation that is more rapid than that of normal body cells.
b. Shortened phases of cell life cycles with occasional skipping of GI or S phases
c. Rearrangement of stem cell RNA that causes abnormal cellular protein synthesis
d. Indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cells with loss of contact inhibition
d. indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cells with loss of contact inhibition
What does the presence of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEAs) and a-fetoprotein (AFP) on cell membranes indicate has happened to the cells?
a. They have shifted to more immature metabolic pathways and functions
b. They have spread from areas of original development to different body tissues
c. They produce abnormal toxins or chemicals that indicate abnormal cellular function
d. They have become more differentiated as a result of repression of embryonic function
a. They have shifted to more immature metabolic pathways and functions
What factor differentiates a malignant tumor from a benign tumor?
a. It causes death
b. it grows at a faster rate
c. It is often encapsulated
d. It invades and metastasizes
d. it invades and metastasizes
A patient is admitted with acute myelogenous leukemia and a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma. What is the nurse most likely going to find in the patient's history?
a. Work as a radiation chemist
b. Epstein-Barr virus diagnosed in vitro
c. Intense tanning throughout the lifetime
d. Alkylating agents for treating the Hodgkin's lymphoma
d. Alkylating agents for treating the Hodgkin's lymphoma
Which mutated tumor suppressor gene is most likely to contribute to many types of cancer, including bladder, breast, colorectal and lung?
a. p53
b. APC
c. BRCA1
D. BRCA2
a. p53
Cancer cells go though stages of development. What accurately describes the stage of promotion? Select all that applies:
a. Obesity is an example of a promoting factor
b. The stage is characterized by increased growth rate and metastasis
c. Withdrawal of promoting factors will reduce the risk of cancer development
d. Tobacco smoke is a complete carcinogen that is capable of both initiation and promotion
e. Promotion is the stage of cancer development in which there is an irreversible alteration in the cell's DNA
a....c....d
The patient was told she has carcinoma in situ, and the student nurse wonders what that is. how should the nurse explain this to the student nurse?
a. Evasion of the immune system by cancer cells
b. Lesion with histologic features of cancer except invasion
c. Capable of causing cellular alterations associated with cancer
d. Tumor cell surface antigens that stimulate an immune responce
b. Lesion with histologic features of cancer except invasion
Which word identifies a mutation of proto-oncogenes?
a. Oncogenes
b. Retrogenes
c. Oncofetal antigens
d. Tumor angiogenesis factor
a. Oncogenes
A patient's breast tumor originates from embryonal ectoderm. It has moderate dysplasia and moderately differentiated cells. It is a small tumor with minimal lymph node involvement and no metastases. What is the best description of this tumor?
a. Sarcoma, grade II T3 N4 M0
b. Leukemia, grade I T1 N2 M1
c. Carcinoma, grade II T1 N1 M0
d. Lymphoma, grade III T1 N0 M0
c. Carcinoma grade II T1 N1 M0
The nurse is counseling a group of individuals over the age of 50 with the average risk of cancer about screening tests for cancer. Which screening recommendation should be performed to screen for colorectal cancer?
a. Barium enema every year
b. Colonoscopy every 10 years
c. Fecal occult blood every 5 years
d. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam
b. Colonoscopy every 10 years
A small lesion is discovered in a patient's lung when an x-ray is performed for cervical spine pain. What is the definitive method of determining if the lesion is malignant?
a. Lung scan
b. Tissue biopsy
c. Oncofetal antigens
d. CT or positron emission tomography (PET) scan
b. Tissue biopsy
A patient with a genetic mutation of BRCA1 and a family history of breast cancer is admitted to the surgical unit where she is scheduled that day for a bilateral simple mastectomy. What is the reason for this procedure?
a. Prevent breast cancer
b. Diagnose breast cancer
c. Cure or control breast cancer
d. Provide palliative care for untreated breast cancer
a. Prevent breast cancer
Which condition would be most likely to be cured with chemotherapy as a treatment measure?
a. Neuroblastoma
b. Small cell lung cancer
c. Small tumor of the bone
d. Large hepatocellular carcinoma
a. Neuroblastoma
Which classification of chemotherapy drugs is cell cycle phase-nonspecific, breaks the DNA helix that interferes with DNA replication and crosses the blood-brain barrier?
a. Nitrosureas
b. Antimetabolites
c. Mitotic inhibitors
d. Antitumor antibiotics
a. Nitrosureas
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