SCLY2 Sociology of Education

Terms in this set (35)

Agent of Secondary Socialisation
An institution that follows on the from the family as the primary agent, teaching social rules, norms, values and expectations of behaviour etc.
Equality of Opportunity
Giving people an equal chance to succeed
Internal Factors
Those factors within the school / education system itself which can impact upon a child's educational attainment
External Factors
Those factors outside the school / education system i.e. the home or one's culture which can impact upon a child's educational attainment
Social Mobility
The ability to move up or down from the social class one is born in to
Cultural Deprivation
Used to indicate that many groups perform poorly on tests or exhibit deviant characteristics because they lack many of the advantages of middle class culture e.g. the lack of encouragement or parental help at home because the culture at home is different to the one at school,
Material Deprivation
A lack of material things e.g. books, computers, poor housing etc. is likely to put children (working class in particular) at a disadvantage in the education system.
Language Codes
Two types of "codes"or styles of language use. Children tend to adopt one of these styles depending on their social class.
Elaborated code (Middle class & used by schools) or
Restricted code (Working class)
Achieved Status
A social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts
Ascribed Status
A social position that a person is born into
Compensatory Education
Special educational programs designed to overcome the educational deficiencies associated with the socioeconomic, cultural, or minority group disadvantages of youth
Cultural Capital
Pierre Bourdieu's term for people's social assets, including values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture
Labelling
Setting an image, which makes a person act in ways consistent with that image. Giving a reputation (a label) to someone based on a small part of their behaviour e.g.a child who is noisy maybe labelled as disruptive.this creates a prejudiced view of the child.
Streaming
Involves allocating pupils to ability based classes for most or all curriculum subjects according to overall attainment
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true
Anti School Subculture
Rejection of norms and values of school and replacing it with anti-school norms and values
Marketisation
The policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into areas run by state, such as education and the National Health Service. The 1988 Education Reform Act began the marketisation of education by encouraging competition between schools and choice for parents.
Ethnocentric Curriculum
Some sociologists have argued that the National Curriculum is ethnocentric, which means that it teaches British values and culture as being dominant over others (Coard, Gillborn).
National Curriculum
The set of subjects that children in England and Wales must study from the age of five to sixteen
Hidden Curriculum
The informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school
Ideal Pupil
Teachers viewed the middle class child as this, based on pupils work, conduct and appearance.
Feminisation of Education
Tony Sewell is reported as claiming that boys fall behind because education has become feminised. that is schools do not nurture masculine traits such as competitiveness and leadership.
Meritocracy
A system in which achievement or success is based on individual ability or effort
Role Allocation
Functionalists Davis and Moore believe that education selects talented individuals and allocates them to the most important roles in society; education sifts and sorts according to ability.
Ideological State Apparatus
Neo-Marxist Althusser: Agencies of the state which serve to spread dominant ideology and justify the power of the dominant social class
Tri-partite system
Created by the 1944 Education Act, this system used the 11-plus test to identify students' ability levels. Students were then allocated to one of three types of school based on their tested abilities (Grammar Secondary Modern or Technical).
Comprehensive System
Introduced from 1965, this is a non-selective education system. All children attend the same type of secondary school regardless of ability.
Pro-school Subculture
Pro-school subcultures are positive about school. They accept the rules and conform. They gain status from the school, from adults and from their friends by working hard and achieving highly. They tend to be middle class
Fatalism
The belief that all events are determined in advance by fate or destiny and therefore cannot be changed
Deferred Gratification
Going without something in the present in the hope of achieving greater gains in the future
Instant Gratification
Immediate satisfaction
Marginalisation
Process of putting an individual or a group at the margins and denying them access to the main benefits that the dominant group has under its control.
Comprehensivisation
Process of creating a nationalised comprehensive schooling system from 1965 in the UK
Vocational Educational Training
Involves work related study where learners acquire job specific knowledge and skills on the job.
Parentocracy
"Rule by parents". The concept is associated with marketised education systems, which are based on an ideology of parental choice of school. Middle-class parents may benefit from parentocracy because they have more economic and cultural capital are are better placed to exercise choice.
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