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AQA GCSE Human Geography: Changing Urban Environments Key Terms

Terms in this set (26)

Urban area
A built up area of land such as a town or a city.
Urbanisation
Process where an increasing proportion of the population live in towns or cities.
Rural-urban migration
Movement of people from the countryside to the city.
Land use
The way the land surface is used. (agriculture, infrastructure..)
Function
A settlement's purpose- why it is there and what 'work' it does.
Central Business district (CBD)
The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered. Usually found in centre of the city.
Inner city
the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city- usually area around the CBD. Can be quite run-down and deprived.
Suburbs
Residential areas surrounding a city (edge of city). Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people. Land cheaper and still close enought to commute.
The rural-urban fringe
Part right at the edge of a city, where both urban (factories) and rural (farming) land uses. Tend to find fewer, larger houses here.
Household
A person or group of people living in the same residence
Brownfield Sites
sites previously used for industrial or commercial purposes (urban development)- Areas of land been previously built-on.
Greenfield sites
Areas of land, usually on the outskirts of towns and cities, where businesses develop for the first time.
Urban development Corporations (UDCs)
Set up in 1980s to regenerate inner city areas with large amounts of derelict and unused land by taking over planning responsibility from local councils. Deprived areas of the UK were made UDCs to try and encourage regeneration (London Dockyards)
City challenge
a bottom up approach to community based improvements in inner city areas.
Regeneration
Improving an area that has been experiencing a period of decline.
Quality of life
The level of well-being and enjoyment of life that people have.
Segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences.
Squatter settlements
Settlements built illegally in and around a city by people who can't afford proper housing.
Informal sector
portion of an economy largely outside government control- employees work without contracts or benefits
Industrialisation
Process experienced by country that moves away from primary production towards manufacturing as principal sector for national output and employment.
Urban sprawl
Process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.
Green Belt
area around a city, comprised of parkland and farmland-prevents outward growth and preserves countryside.
Primary Industry
Industry associated with the extraction of raw materials. (doesn't require huge skill sets or many people)
Secondary Industry
Using raw materials for manufacturing. Requires skill, money knowledge ect. Pays more than primary industry.
Tertiary industry
Only has educated people- get paid more. Moving on the secondary industry products (shops) and also service industry (doctors, dentists..)
Quartenary Industry
High tech appliances. Requires a lot of money, supplies, people.. . It's a new industry because increase in technology.
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