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Biology 11: Kingdom Monera

Terms in this set (37)

Monera
One of the five kingdoms of life. Organisms in this kingdom are all prokaryotic cells called bacteria.
Microbiology
the study of microorganisms
Ubiquitous
being present everywhere at once
Capsule
A layer of polysaccharid or protein on top of cell wall that protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytic cells.
Pillus
A hairlike extension that aids in communication and exchange of genetic material in prokaryotes
Flagellum
A lash-like appendage used for locomotion in some bacteria and protozoa
Plasmid
a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA (usually drug resistant genes) that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
Archebacteria
Bacteria that can live in extreme conditions sans oxygen; Most primitive
Eubacteria
Largest group of bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll
3 Types of Bacteria Shapes
Bacilli (rod-shaped), Cocci (circle-shaped) and Spiral.
Diplococcus
cocci in pairs
Streptococcus
chain of cocci
Staphylococcus
grape-like clusters of cocci
Streptobacillus
chain of bacilli
Gram Positive bacteria
Bacteria with thick cell walls containing peptidoglycans; these cells turn purple when stained.
Gram Negative bacteria
Bacteria with cell walls bounded by a second outer membrane containing lipids; these bacteria turn red when stained.
5 Modes of Bacteria Movement
a) By flagellum
b) Lash/snake/spiral forward
c) glide slowly along slime layer secrete
d) Non-motile
Autotrophs
Organisms that are able to make their own food
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Bacteria that make their own food by way of photosynthesis
Chemotrophic autotrophs
Bacteria that obtain their energy from inorganic chemicals such as sulfur, nitrites, and iron
Heteroptrophs
Organisms that gain nutrients from food produced by other organsims
Photosynthetic heterotrophs
Organisms that are able to obtain some nutrients by photosynthesis and others from other organisms
Chemotrophic heterotrophs
Organism that can obtain energy by taking in organic molecules and breaking them down
Parasitic bacteria
take organic molecules for nutrition from living organisms
Saprophytic bacteria
bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter
Fermentation
Energy production NOT requiring oxygen in bacteria
Respiration
Energy production requiring oxygen; produces 3X as much energy as fermentation
Obligate Aerobes
Prokaryotes that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live
Obligate anaerobes
Prokaryotes that must live in the absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes
Prokaryotes that can live with or without oxygen
Binary Fission
asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
Budding
asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism
Conjugation
Form of sexual reproduction In bacteria through direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
Endospore
A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions
Beneficial effects of monerans
Food production (cheese, vinegar etc.), Industrial usage (mining), Digestion & Vitamin Production, Sewage decomposition, Nitrogen Fixation
Methods to control Bacterial Disease
Sterilization, Refrigeration, Antibiotics (eg. Erythromycin, Penicillin, Immunization)
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