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Unit 12

Terms in this set (44)

Third World Country
During the Cold War, the developing nations not allies with either the U.S. or the Soviet Union.
What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
When CIA-trained, anti-Castro Cuban exiles invadedCuba in April 1956. The U.S. did not provide the hoped for air support and Castro easily defeated the U.S.
What was the result of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
the Cuban Missile Crisis
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev was convinced that the U.S. would not resist Soviet expansion in Latin America. Khrushchev built 42 missiles in Cuba but they were discovered and forced to be removed.
Who were the leaders involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis?
Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union), John F. Kennedy (U.S.), and Fidel Castro (Cuba)
How did the Cuban Missile Crisis affect the Soviet leader?
Nikita Khrushchev was forced to remove missiles from Cuba and support Castro.
What was the Iranian Hostage Crisis?
With Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini's blessing, young Islamic revolutionaries seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran. They took over 60 Americans for 444 days.
When did the Soviets invade Afghanistan? Why?
1979; The Soviets expected to prop up the Afghan Communists and quickly withdraw.
What was de-stalinization?
Purging the country of Stalin's memory (led by Nikita Khrushchev).
Who took over when JFK was assassinated?
Lyndon Johnson
What nation was invaded in 1968 by the Warsaw Pact nations? Why?
Czechoslovakia, supposedly because the Soviet Union had the right to prevent its satellites from rejecting communism; really because he didn't like what they did.
Define: detente. What was the purpose of detente?
A policy of lessening Cold War tensions under Richard M. Nixon; to lessen Cold War tensions.
Who was the first U.S. president to visit China?
Richard M. Nixon
What was the iron curtain?
During the Cold War, the boundary seperating the communist nations Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe.
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Announced by President Harry Truman in 1947, a U.S. policy of giving economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents.
What was containment?
A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940's, in which the U.S. tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resit Soviet advances.
Who was Khrushchev?
Successor of Stalin starting in 1953; Soviet; started destalinization.
Who was Brezhnev?
Khrushchev's replacement; limited basic human rights.
Who was Gorbachev?
Replaced Brezhnev; elected by Politburo; started glasnost, perestroika, and democratization (means of reform); Soviet; resigned on December 25, 1991.
How are the ideas of the Truman Doctrine and Containment linked?
They both rejected communism and supported countries that did the same.
What was the Domino Theory?
The idea that if a nation falls under Communist control, nearby nations will also fall under Communist control.
What was NATO? What was the Warsaw Pact?
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization - a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the U.S., and Canada; a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European countries.
What were the two sides in the Chinese Civiil War?
Nationalists and Communists.
Why did Chinese troops join the Korean War?
The Chinese felt threatened by the UN (mostly American) troops pushing the Koreans almost to the Yalu River.
Who was Ayatollah Khomeini?
The leader of the religious opposition trying to weaken the influence of Iran's conservative Muslim leaders. When the Shah fell, he returned from exile to establish an Islamic state and to export Iran's militant form of Islam.
What was the Marshall Plan?
A U.S. program of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II.
What did the unification of the British, French, and American zones of Germany trigger the Soviet Union to do?
Hold West Berlin hostage.
What was the Berlin Airlift?
The Soviet Union held West Berlin hostage so the allied planes brought supplies to the starving and suffering people.
Who were the Vietcong?
A group of Communist guerillas who, with the help of North Vietnam, fought against the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War.
Define: brinkmanship
A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression.
Who are the Taliban?
Conservative Islamic group that took control of Afghanistan after the Soviet Union withdrew its troops; driven from power by U.S. forces in December, 2001, because of its harboring of suspected terrorists.
Who were the mujahedeen?
In Afghanistan, holy warriors who banded together to fight the Soviet-supported government in the late 1970's.
What was the 1956 Suez Crisis? What caused it? What was the result?
Egypt seized the Suez Canal from Britain. Britain was angry. With the support of France and Israel, they retook it; the Egyptian president, Nasser, was angry over the loss of U.S. and British financial support for the building of Egypt's Aswan Dam; the world community pressured Israel and the Europeans into withdrawing from Egypt.
What was the Politburo?
The ruling committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union.
What was glasnost?
A Soviet policy of openess to the free flow of ideas and information, introduced in 1985 by Mikhail Gorbachev.
What was perestroika?
A restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision making, begun by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985.
Who gained power as a result of the August coup attempt? Who lost power?
Yeltsin gained power; Gorbachev lost power.
Who was the main German rocket designer? Who was the main Soviet rocket designer?
German: Von Braun; Soviet: Korolev.
What was the name of the American space program?
NASA.
What was the Soyuz?
Orbited Earth in 1978, included a Czech cosmonaut.
What was the Saturn V?
The ship that carried out the Apollo 8 mission.
Which mission landed a man on the moon?
Apollo 11.
Which mission was the first to send a man around the moon?
Apollo 8.
Which country launched the first man into space? Who was it?
Soviet Union; Yuri Gagarin (AKA Mr. Swagdoodles).
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