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Chapter 11 Vocab

Terms in this set (24)

gene pool
The combined alleles of all of the individuals in a population.
allele frequency
Measure of how common a certain allele is in the population.
normal distribution
When the frequency is the highest near the mean value and decreases toward each extreme end of the range.
microevolution
Observable change in the allele frequencies of a population over time.
directional selection
A selection that favors phenotypes at one extreme of a trait's range.
stabilizing selection
When the intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common in the population.
disruptive selection
It occurs when both extreme phenotypes are favored, while individuals with intermediate phenotypes are selected against something made by nature.
gene flow
Movement of alleles from one population to another.
genetic drift
Changes in allele frequencies that are due to chance.
bottleneck effect
Genetic drift that occurs after an event greatly reduces the size of a population.
founder effect
Genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area.
sexual selection
It occurs when certain traits increase about mating success.
hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Describes that populations are not evolving. It is used to predict genotype frequencies in a population. There are five factors: very large population, no emigration or immigration, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection.
reproductive isolation
It occurs when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully.
speciation
The rise of two or more species from one existing species.
behavioral isolation
Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors.
geographic isolation
Involves physical barriers that divide a population into two or more groups.
temporal isolation
Exists when timing prevents reproduction between populations.
convergent evolution
Evolution toward similar characteristics om imrelated species.
divergent evolution
Closely related species evolve in different directions.
coevolution
Process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other.
extinction
The elimination of a species from Earth.
punctuated equilibrium
States that episodes of speciation occur suddenly in geologic time and are followed by long periods of little evolutionary change.
adaptive radiation
Diversification of one ancestral speices into many descendent speices.
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