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Forensic Science Unit 2 Review

Terms in this set (46)

Dactyloscopy
the science or study of fingerprinting
Dactylograms
another name for fingerprints
Minutiae points
small detailed features of a fingerprint that make it distinct
IAFIS
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System - established in 1999
AFIS
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
Plastic fingerprints
indentations left in soft materials such as clay or wax
latent fingerprint
a hidden fingerprint made visible through the use of powders or other techniques
patent fingerprint
a visible fingerprint that happens when fingers with blood, ink, or some other substance on them touch a surface and transfer the pattern of their fingerprint to that surface
Dr. Nehemiah Grew
1684 - issued a report where he described the ridges and pores of the human hands and feet
Johann Mayer
1788 - Noted that the arrangement of skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons. He was probably the first scientist to recognize this fact.
Jan Purkyn
1823 - Published a thesis discussing the 9 different fingerprint patterns
Sir William Herschel
1858 - Used finger and palm prints as a means of signing contracts in India
Alphonse Bertillon
1882 -Father of criminal identification. A policeman who came up with Bertillonage, a way to classify criminals by height, wingspan, head circumference, etc...
Sir Frances Galton and Sir Edward Henry
1900 - published a book on classifying fingerprints which is still in use today. Scotland Yard adopted these methods in 1901.
Will and William West
1903 - 2 criminals who looked identical. They were held at Leavenworth Prison. They changed the way we classify fingerprinting from Bertillonage to making print cards
What are the 3 distinct ridge patterns and the % in population?
Loops - 65%
Whorl - 30%
Arches - 5%
What are the 8 specific types of fingerprints?
Ulnar and Radial Loop
Double Loop Whorl
Plain Whorl
Central Pocket Whorl
Accidental Whorl
Plain Arch
Tented Arch
What is the difference between ulnar an radial loops?
An Ulnar loops the line's start and end on the pinky side of the hand. In a Radial loop, the lines start and end on the thumb side of the hand.
Who was Ed Singleton and how did he cross paths with Dillinger?
a town pool shark who got Dillinger started in crime looking for easy money. Started by robbing a grocery store. Singleton plead not guilty and was given a lesser sentence that Dillinger who plead guilty due to his father's advice.
What was Dillinger's main crime?
Mostly robbery and bank robbery
Dillingers escapes
He escaped twice, once a gang of men requested his transfer, but when asked for their credentials, they opened fire and got Dillinger out of jail. The other time, Dillinger allegedly whittled a fake gun and used that to trick the guards into letting him out.
Why did the FBI get involved?
Upon escaping the "Escape Proof Jail", Dillinger stole the sheriff's car and made his getaway across state lines.
What was the Little Bohemia Lodge Incident?
The FBI was tipped off that Dillinger and some of his gang were hiding out at the lodge under false names. The FBI moved in and Dillinger's gang opened fire, holding the agents outside. By the time they got in the next day, Dillinger was gone. Purvis was in charge - he screwed this up immensely.
Who was the FBI director at the time?
J. Edgar Hoover
Who was Samuel A. Cowley?
an FBI agent Hoover put in charge after the Little Bohemia Lodge mishap.
Who was Melvin Purvis?
Director in charge of Chicago. He helped track down Dillinger
Who was Ana Cumpanas/Anna Sage?
Lady of the night (prostitute) who came forward to help capture Dillinger and collect a reward - she also got deported. She delivered Dillinger, but she was later deported (some think) to avoid a cover up. The Lady in Red was actually orange.
What were the details of Dillinger's capture?
At the Biograph Theater after watching Clark Gable's Manhattan Melodrama. As he was leaving, Melvin Purvis lit a cigar and agents moved in. He was shot three times.
Where did the Farrow Case take place?
The U.K. in 1905
Who were the victims of the Farrow Case?
Ann and Thomas Farrow
Who were the suspects in the Farrow Case?
Alfred and Albert Stratton
What was the evidence in the Farrow Case?
A witness and a fingerprint on the cash drawer - Alfred's right thumb.
Who was the witness in the Farrow Case?
the milkman
Who was the expert in the Farrow Case?
Dr. John Garson
When and where did the People vs. Jennings take place?
The United States - 1910/1911
Who was the victim in the People vs. Jennings?
Clarence Hillier - shot twice
What was the evidence in the People vs. Jennings?
bullet casings and prints on the window sill.
How was Jennings captured?
he was wandering around late at night. Police saw him, he was injured and had a gun.
What was the significance of the People vs. Jennings?
legitimized fingerprinting in the American Judicial System. 3 of 4f experts were trained in Scotland Yard.
When did the event in Argentina take place?
June 1892
Who was Juan Vucetich?
a police officer
Who was Fracesca Rojas?
a lady who murdered her children
Who was Pedro Roman Velasquez?
originally blamed for the kids' murder
What happened with the case in Argentina?
Rojas claimed that Velasquez made advances towards her which she refused so he killed her kids.
What evidence was found at the case in Argentina?
a bloody print on the door frame.
What was the motive in the case in Argentina?
her boyfriend didn't like kids.
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