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Social Theory exam 1

Terms in this set (53)

according to mills, what are modern men more likely to feel like than in the past?
trapped
free
empowered
angered
trapped
mills would classify someone waking up with a cold as a "trouble" not an "issue"
true or false
true
which of these factor compose the basic intersections of the sociological imagination? select all
history
futurism
participation
biography
emotion
knowledge
history and biography
which of these best reflects mills vision of man's role in society?
he is free to do what he wants, within limits
man is the mater of his world, able to make meaningful change
man is built by the history and society around him
man is bale to see clearly his role in human history and change
man is built by the history and society around him
sociological imagination is a mans ability to understand that he can change society around him in meaningful ways, providing a sense of freedom in the modern world
true or false
false
berger believes that sociologists are interested in benefitting the human population; they are inherently more morally-minded than many professions
true or false
true
what theoretical school of thought is social work primarily rooted?
sociology
psychology
labor movements
biology
psychology
which of these was NOT one of the views of sociologists that Berger said that people mistakenly had?
social reformer
statistician
social worker
secretary
secretary
sociologists, good ones anyway according to berger, feel unnaturally compelled to know what people are doing and to understand why people are doing those things.
true or false
true
which of these terms refer to a concept used to understand the social world that may not exists in reality but at least gives us a conception of the purest expression of some social characteristic?
discipline
stereoform
ideal type
methodology
ideal type
upon discovering social laws, spencer thought, people in society should do what with them so they can live better lives?
try to change them to work for unity in society
implicitly obey them
work to catalog every law
examine how social laws affect people in different countries
implicitly obey them
on which of these factors would spencer most likely agree with berger?
human beings are trapped in their roles in society
people think that sociologists are social workers
methodological rigor is the upmost importance in sociology
there are enough jokes about sociologists
methodological rigor is the upmost importance in sociology
which of these best describes the contents of the book "descriptive sociology"
A compendium of thoughts and philosophies from Herbert Spencer
A direct rip-off of earlier Greek text
The theories that Marx built off of when he came up with conflict theory
Raw data that Spencer hoped future sociologists would use to analyze the social world
Raw data that Spencer hoped future sociologists would use to analyze the social world
Which word most closely aligns with Spencer's view of societies over time?
Devolution
Rebellion
Evolution
Chaos
evolution
Spencer uses the terms "militant" and "industrial" societies in one of his typologies of social systems.
true or false
true
What are the two revolutions that Nisbet is talking about primarily? Select all that apply
The French Revolution
The American Revolution
The Enlightenment
The Industrial Revolution
The Internet Revolution
Beatlemania
french and industrial revolution
In terms of its influence on sociological thought, which of these is not one of the crucial elements of the Industrial Revolution?
Urbanism/The Industrial City
The Condition of Labor
The Transformation of Property
Individual Freedom
individual freedom
The Industrial Revolution was more about thoughts and ideology, and the French revolution was more about mechanical changes to industry
True
False
false
Broadly, believers in the French Revolution wanted...
A political body that was free from its past inequalities and structures related to religion and government and made up of individuals who valued equality and freedom.
More power to accrue in the aristocracy, so individuals could become fully themselves without the pressures of needing to compete and participate in a democracy
Socialism to be the rule of the land, moving away from aristocratic principles and developing a movement that combined and united all (working) people.
Direct payments of capital to revolutionaries, in order to pave the way for their expressions of freedom and public sentiment.
A political body that was free from its past inequalities and structures related to religion and government and made up of individuals who valued equality and freedom.
Which of these is NOT one of the general trends that Nisbet observes in both revolutions?
Individualization of people
Generalization of public thought
Abstraction of moral ideas
Compounding of systems of belief
Compounding of systems of belief
Broadly, what does Wallerstein claim?
Social Sciences have not focused enough on European culture in their studies of people
Social Sciences have focused too much on human beings and anthropocentric tendencies in scholarly research
Social Sciences have focused too much on European culture, history, and heritage in their studies of people
Capitalism is a tool of social sciences in empirical and European rankings
Social Sciences have focused too much on European culture, history, and heritage in their studies of people
Which Eurocentric view of society does Herbert Spencer present when he speaks to the idea that there are immutable social laws that exist over time and space?
Historiography
Universalism
Communism
Progress
universalism
In Wallerstein's view, which criticism of Eurocentrism discusses the concept that the social sciences are embedded with the values of Europe?
Civilization
Progress
Universalism
Decadance
civilization
Wallerstein believes that European history has been analyzed incorrectly, and that people have taken inappropriate claims from that history, which have led to dangerous consequences of both science and the political world.
True
False
true
Which of these statements would Wallerstein disagree with?
Today's worldview often encourages us to think in terms of binaries, like Orientalism and Occidentalism
Modern social sciences think that contemporary scientific thought should be divorced from the world in which it is constructed, even though that is impossible
Capitalism has caused more negative outcomes than positive
Europe didn't really do anything new in world history
Europe didn't really do anything new in world history
Broadly, which of these changes is de Tocqueville concerned with?
Power resting in royalty changing to power in the masses
The spread of democracy to the middle east
The rise of totalitarianism
The tendency of kings and queens to take back power from the working class
Power resting in royalty changing to power in the masses
Which of these political paradigms does de Tocqueville believe that societies naturally evolve over time?
Feudalism
Fascism
Demogragy
Democracy
Democracy
Which theorist that we've read is most closely aligned with this statement by de Tocqueville? "It is enough to ascertain what is the habitual course of nature and the constant tendency of events. I know, without special revelation, that the planets move in the orbits traced by the Creator's hand."
Mills
Berger
Spencer
Roger Rabbit, the cartoon character from the '80s.
Spencer
de Tocqueville argues that Democracy can actually lead to more community disorganization and ill-feeling in members of society.
True
False
true
Which of these terms most closely aligns with Durkheim's view of the division of labor?
Obfuscation
Combination
Specialization
Anomie
specialization
What social institution does Durkheim think is the organization of social cohesion in its most stable and precise form?
Family
Law
Religion
Work
law
While it is in some ways the expression of individuals' consciousness, desires, and customs, the "collective consciousness" exists beyond individuals, recurring over time and across institutions.
True
False
true
How does Durkheim recommend we measure the seriousness of laws?
We look at the formations of laws throughout history to understand different people at different times
We understand law and customs to be synonymous
We only focus on civil law
We look at the severity of the sanctions that are applied to the law
we look at the severity of the sanctions that are applied to the law
According to Durkheim, what social characteristic occurs in societies where everyone believes the same thing, works towards a common goal, and lives and thinks the same way?
Organizational Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Mechanical Solidarity
Posinominal Solidarity
mechanical solidarity
Durkheim believes that previous social theorists have done a good job developing a methodology of sociology.
True
False
false
According to Durkheim, those things that people feel compelled to do, existing outside of their own biological or psychological interests, are known as...
Social Thoughts
Social Facts
Anomie
Organic Solidarity
social facts
What type of power is felt by individuals who question authority or try to do something outside of the normal realm
Coercive
Supportive
Atypical
Social
coercive
Which theorist we have read before does Durkheim's assessment most closely align with, in terms of man feeling compelled to act in certain ways and there not being much of a way out of it?
de Tocqueville
Nisbet
Berger
Mills
mills
Which of these is not a characteristics of a social fact?
People feel compelled to follow it
It is often passed down generation-to-generation
It exists independently of the individual
It only concerns legal codes
it only concerns legal codes
Durkheim believes that to truly understand the basic functions of society, you must look at present-day realities with all of their complications and nuances.
True
False
false
Which of these statements is not one that Durkheim asserts in the reading?
Religions share common features
Religions cannot be ranked in terms of best to worst
Religion is a tool used by those incapable of grappling with the real world.
Religion speaks to something intrinsic to humanity, by virtue of its constant existence
Religion is a tool used by those incapable of grappling with the real world
Durkheim writes, "Exclusive consideration of the religious forms that are the most familiar to us long led us to believe that the idea of god was characteristics of all that is religious." Which of these concepts most closely aligns with this idea?
Wallerstein's Eurocentrism
Mills' Trapped Man
Nisbet's Industrial Revolution
Durkheim's own Anomie
Wallerstein's Eurocentrism
Which of these terms is what Durkheim refers to concepts that are supposed to be empirically real, without any influence of individual thought or social construct
sui generis
a priori
organic
accio sociology
a priori
If part one of the introduction deals primarily with Durkheim's studies of religion, part two of the introduction deals mainly with his sociological idea of what?
love
knowledge
government
institutions
knowledge
Which of these are the two groups that Marx identifies as the representatives of modern class distinction?
Capitalists
Bourgeoisie
Producers
Proletariat
Eloi
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
The Communist Manifesto is more of a critique of the Industrial Revolution's after effects than the after effects of the French Revolution
True
False
true
Which group of people does Marx predict will eventually overthrow the modern economic order, i.e., capitalism?
Workers
Landowners
Clergy
Business Owners
workers
Which of these is not a factor in the "existence and sway of the bourgeois class"
The concept of capital as a central idea
Wage-labor for workers
Better communication channels for workers
Competition for workers
better communication channels for workers
What specter haunts Europe
Capitalism
Feudalism
Communism
Marley and Marley
communism
Marx believe that the basis of political and economic life are rooted in the _____________ conditions of society.
subjective
material
capitalist
Hegelian
material
According to Marx, which of these is not a factor that is influenced by the modes of production of a particular society?
social life
political life
intellectual life
corporeal life
corporeal life
In this preface, Marx speaks to his work not solely as one that is outwardly focusing but often written as a form of self-clarification.
True
False
true
According to the preface, near the end of his career, Marx wrote for a newspaper in New York
True
False
true
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