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Cell Growth and Reproduction

Terms in this set (36)

What parts of the cell make up interphase?
G1
S
G2
during which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
S (Synthesis)
during which part of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
G1 (growth)
during which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide through mitosis and cytokinesis?
M
during which part of the cell cycle does the cell make final preparations to divide?
G2 (preparation)
How do the events of mitosis and cytokinesis differ?
Mitosis is nuclear division whereas cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm.
the chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite sides of the cells
anaphase
the chromosomes become visible; the centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus
prophase
a nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes; the nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus
telophase
the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
metaphase
each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome
prophase 1
crossing over occurs between tetrads
prophase 1
paired homologous chromosomes line up against the center of the cell
metaphase 1
spindle fibers pull each homologous chromosome pair toward an opposite end of a cell
anaphase 1
a nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming two new cells
telephase 1
chromosomes consist of two chromatids, but they do not pair to form tetrads
prophase 2
a nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes and cytokinesis follows, forming four new cells
telephase 2
Is mitosis part of the cell cycle?
yes
Is meiosis part of the cell cycle?
no
How many nuclear divisions are in mitosis?
1
How many nuclear divisions are in meiosis?
2
How does the chromosomes number in daughter cells compare to parent cells in mitosis?
same
How does the chromosome number in daughter cells compare to parent cells in meiosis?
half
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
2
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4
What is a gene?
a basic unit of hereditary info
What are the structures in which DNA is packaged?
chromosomes
What is a genome and how many chromosomes are in a human genome?
complete genetic makeup, 46 chromosomes
What are the two categories of chromosomes and how many of each do humans have in a normal body cell?
autosomes and sex chromosomes
22 homologous pairs of autosomal; 1 pair of sex chromosomes
Females have what two sex chromosomes?
XX
What two sex chromosomes do males have?
XY
The building blocks of DNA are BLANK.
nucleotides
What three components make up DNA?
nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate group
What four bases does DNA contain?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
The nucleotides in DNA are joined by BLANK bonds?
hydrogen
process which uncoils and separates 2 strands of DNA
semiconservative
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