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DA, 5-HT, Glu, GABA and Pain

Terms in this set (71)

1. EPS (extrapyramidal symptoms)
are side effects of antipsychotic drugs
may be treated with mAchR antagonistsEPS (extrapyramidal symptoms)
2. Aripiprazole is an
antipsychotic drug
DA agonist
3. Which of the following is believed to be
increased in the nucleus accumbens by all
drugs of abuse?
DA
4. Which of the following is found in the
synaptic vesicles of adrenergic neurons?
Dopamine β-monooxygenase
5. VMAT is found in
Chromaffin cells in the adrenal glands
Adrenergic neurons
Norepinephrine neurons
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
Dopamine neurons
Serotonin neurons
6. In which of the following diseases is there
reason to believe that the mesocortical DA
system is hypoactive?
Schizophrenia
7. Most antipsychotic drugs have
D2-like receptor antagonist properties
8. Which of the following receptors are
Gs-coupled?
D1
D5
9. AADC
converts l-dopa to DA
Is also called dopa decarboxylase
is inhibited by carbidopa
converts 5-HTP to 5-HT
10. Tyrosine is a precursor to
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, L-Dopa
11. Which of the following is expressed on DA
neurons?
DAT-Dopamine transporter
12. Psychosis in Parkinson's disease can be
treated with
atypical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine
5-HT2 antagonists
13. Dopamine is a precursor to
Norepinephrine, epinephrine
14. Activation of TAAR1 by a trace amine or amphetamine in DA neurons
Increases extracellular DA
Induces DA reverse transport
Decreases DA reuptake
15. DA neurons in the____ that project to the
____ are part of the nigrostriatal DA pathway
SN, striatum
16. Which of the following brain areas contain the
soma of DA neurons
SN- substantia nigra
VTA- ventral tegmental area
17. Which of the following are used to treat the
motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
AADC inhibitors
COMT inhibitors
Tyrosine Hydroxylase
18. Which of the following is the rate limiting
enzyme in biosynthesis of catecholamine?
19. Which of the following is the rate limiting
enzyme in biosynthesis of serotonin?
Tryptophan hydroxylase
20. Autoreceptors on adrenergic neurons are
Alpha 2
21. Which of the following are enzymes
responsible for the metabolism of dopamine?
COMT
MAOB
22. Parkinson's disease is caused by the
degeneration of
DA Neurons in the substantia nigra, nigrostriatal DA
neurons, DA terminals in the basal ganglia
23. Autoreceptors on dopamine neurons are
D2
24. Which of the following are drugs currently
used to treat the motor symptoms of
Parkinson's disease?
MAOB inhibitors
mAchR antagonists
D2 agonists
25. Blockade of DA autoreceptors
increases DA release, increases DA synthesis,
increases the firing rate of DA neurons
26. L-Dopa is a precursor to
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
27. In which of the following diseases is there
reason to believe that the mesolimbic DA
system is overactive?
Schizophrenia
28. DA neurons in the ____ that project to the
____ are part of the mesocortical DA
pathway
VTA, prefrontal cortex
29. Most antipsychotic drugs
-Increase DA release
-Are antiemetic
-Are effective in improving positive symptoms
30. Psychosis in Parkinson's disease is a
non-motor symptom believed to be caused by
increased DA activity in the mesolimbic pathway
31. AADC is present in
Almost all cell types in the body
32. Which of the following receptors are
Gi-coupled? (D1, D2, D3...)
-D2
-D4
33. Blockade of VMAT
-Decreases the 5-HT mediated synaptic
transmission
-Decreases the DA mediated synaptic transmission
-Decreases the NE mediated synaptic transmission
34. Tryptophan is a precursor to
-5-HT
-Serotonin
35. DA neurons in the ____that project to the
____ are part of the mesolimbic DA pathway
VTA, nucleus accumbens
36. Which of the following is found in almost all
cell types of the body?
-Dopa Decarboxylase
-Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
37. Azapirones are (anxiolytic drugs....)
5-HT1A agonists
38. Most of 5-HT neurons in the brain are in the
Raphe nuclei
39. Most of atypical antipsychotic drugs have
5-HT2 receptor antagonist properties
40.The 5-HT-mediated synaptic transmission
can be enhanced by
Blockade of 5-HT 1A/B autoreceptors
Inhibition of MAOa
Blockade of SERT (5-HTT)
41. Which of the following are targets of current
antidepressant drugs? (DAT....)
-DAT
-NET
-5-HTT
42. Which of the following are targets of current
antidepressant drugs? (MAOA)
maoa
43. Which of the following are targets of current
antiemetic drugs?
5-HT3 receptor
D2 receptor
44. Triptans are
5-HT1B/D agonists
Anti-migraine drugs
45. Azapirones are (5-HT2A agonists.....)5-HT1B/D agonists
Anti-migraine drugs
5-HT1A agonists
46. Drugs that increase the GABA-mediated
transmission tend to produce the following
effects
-Anxiolytic
-Anticonvulsant
-Causing drowsiness
-Physical dependence
47. Which of the following are glutamate
receptors?
-Kainate receptor
-NDMA receptor
-AMPA receptor
-mGluR1 receptor
48. Ketamine is a
- Drug of abuse
- Dissociative anesthetic
- Fast acting antidepressant
- Analgesic
- Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
- Psychotomimetic
49. Phencyclidine is a
Psychotomimetic drug
Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
50. Benzodiazepines (increase GABA synthesis...)
Increase the affinity of GABAa receptors for GABA
51. GABAa receptors are
-Cl- channels
-Ionotropic receptors
52. Which of the following receptors requires two
different ligands to activate?
NMDA receptor
53. GABAb receptors are
Gi-coupled receptors
54. Benzodiazepines (PAMs of GABAb
receptors....)
PAMs (Positive allosteric modulators) of GABAa
receptors
55. Astrocytes play an important role in uptake of
-Glutamate
-GABA
56. Glutamate is converted to GABA by
GAD
57. Glutamine synthetase is present in
Astrocyte
58. Which of the following are GPCRs?
mGluR1 receptor
59. CGRP
-A peptide
-released from both peripheral and central nerve
terminals
-5-HT1D receptor activation inhibits CGRP release
and synthesis
-vasodilator
60.Prostaglandin E2
- Is released at the site of tissue inflammation
and contributes to peripheral sensitization of
the pain pathway
- Is released in the CNS during inflammatory
pain and contributes to central sensitization
of the pain pathway
- Makes nociceptive terminals more sensitive
to pain stimulation
61. Acetaminophen
- Is a COX inhibitor
- Is not a NSAID
- Is analgesic
- Has little or no anti-inflammatory action
62. Which of the following drugs produces its
effects by stabilizing the inactivated state of
Na+ channels?
Lamotrigine
63. Enkephalins, Endorphins and Dynorphins
-produce euphoria
-are released during long, continuous workouts
-bind to and activate opioid receptors
-are natural painkillers
-are endogenous opioid peptides
64. Which of the following statements are true?
both NSAIDS and paracetamol inhibit COX and
prostaglandin synthesis64. Which of the following statements are true?
65. Opioid μ receptors are
- Gi-coupled
- Found in the spinal cord and many brain
areas including the cortex
- Expressed in both neurons and non-neuronal
cells
66. Which of the following have analgesic
properties? (gabapentin....)
- Gabapentin
- Ketamine
- Clonidine
- Morphine
- Lamotrigine
67. Codeine
- Is a prodrug
- Its analgesic effect is significantly reduced by
fluoxetine
68. NSAIDs
- Are anti-inflammatory
- Are analgesic
- Inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis in the CNS
- Are COX inhibitors
- Inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis in
inflamed tissues
69. Which of the following have analgesic
properties? (SNRIs....)
- Adrenergic a2 agonists
- SNRIs
- NSAIDs
- TCAs
70. Which of the following receptors are
Gi-coupled? (NMDA receptor)
- Adrenergic a2 receptor
- Opioid u receptor
- 5-HT1D receptor
- 5-HT1B receptor
71. Inflammatory molecules released from
nociceptive terminals include
- Substance P
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)
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