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Exam 1 - Chapter 14

Terms in this set (74)

Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.
True
The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci.
True
The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
False
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain.
False
The blood-CSF barrier is composed of dense regular connective tissue lining the ventricles.
False
Purkinje cells are unusually large neurons found in the cerebellum.
True
The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.
False
The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain.
False
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum and the diencephalon.
True
Structures in the midbrain control homeostasis and relay sensory signals to specific regions of the cerebral cortex.
False
The amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus are involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain.
True
The Wernicke area recognizes spoken and written language.
True
The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe.
False
All cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck.
False
There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.
False
The following are all major components of the brainstem except the _________.
Cerebellum
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by __________.
The longitudinal fissure
The cerebellum is __________ to the cerebrum.
Caudal
The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the __________ and deeper masses called __________ surrounded by white matter.
Cortex;nuclei
The pons and cerebellum arise from which secondary embryonic vesicle?
Metencephalon
Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?
Pons
Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?
Hypothalamus
From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Which of the following is not a function of CSF?
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue
Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by choroid plexuses in the __________ ventricles and reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the __________.
Lateral, third, and fourth; superior sagittal sinus
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?
Glucose and oxygen
Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?
Meningitis
The medulla oblongata originates from which structure?
Myelencephalon
Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?
Medulla oblongata
The __________ function(s) in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly.
Superior colliculi
Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson disease?
Substantia nigra
The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.
Gray matter; brainstem
What is the largest part of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum
Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?
Cerebellum
In which structure is the arbor vitae found?
Cerebellum
There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?
Cerebellum
Which of the following is not associated with the pons?
Neck movements
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of which embryonic structure?
Diencephalon
Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?
Thalamus
Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?
Hypothalamus
A lesion in which structure would cause a person to have an erratic waking/sleeping cycle?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain?
Epithalamus
Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe
Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?
It is the principal visual center of the brain.
Which lobe is deep to the lateral sulcus and can only be seen by removing some of the overlying cerebrum?
Insula
The great majority of which tracts pass through the corpus callosum?
Commissural
Most gray matter of the cerebrum is located in which region?
Neocortex
Where are the hippocampus and amygdala found?
Limbic system
A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?
Alpha
Which of the following occurs during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?
The muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratory rate increase.
The __________ association area is responsible for perceiving and attending to stimuli, and the __________ association area is responsible for identifying them.
Parietal; temporal
Short-term memory is associated with the __________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the __________.
Hippocampus; cerebral cortex
Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?
Expression of emotional feelings
Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex?
Fingers
The pyramidal cells of the PRECENTRAL gyrus are called __________ neurons.
Upper motor
Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the __________, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word.
Broca area
__________ show MORE lateralization than __________.
Adult males; adult females
Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum?
Painting a picture
After a stroke, a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain?
Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe
Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
Vagus nerve (X)
Which cranial nerve pathway would be used to look cross-eyed at the tip of your nose?
Trochlear (IV)
Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?
Dural sinus
Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?
Irreversible coma
If the cerebrum was no longer able to communicate with the midbrain, what type of tract would you suspect has been damaged?
Projection
In the cerebral cortex, which cells process information on a local level?
Stellate
Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?
It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.
The neocortex contains which of the following cells?
Pyramidal and stellate cells
Which of the following pairings of brain wave names and descriptions is paired correctly?
Delta Waves - Predominance of these may indicate serious brain damage in an adult
Exhausted from studying all night, you briefly close your eyes and your mind starts to wander. Which brain waves would be most predominant in an EEG?
Alpha
Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?
Abducens - V
Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?
V - Trigeminal nerve
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