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Anatomy homework chapter 16

Terms in this set (82)

The hormone in this figure is most likely a __________ hormone.
steroid
A new hormone, hormone X, is found to regulate the blood concentration of hormone Y via a negative feedback loop. When blood concentrations of hormone Y increase,
hormone X secretions will decrease due to the negative feedback
What do paracrine cells target?
nearby but different types of cells
What type of hormone usually travels in the blood plasma bound to a protein?
hydrophobic hormones
What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?
hydrophobic hormones
What type of hormone is made from cholesterol?
steroid hormone
What often serves as the second messenger when a hydrophilic amino-acid based hormone binds its receptor?
cAMP
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is a disorder that is diagnosed by an abnormal increase in secretion of ADH from the hypothalamus. The additional ADH will
abnormally increase the amount of water in the body and decrease the osmolarity of the blood
A tumor in the hypothalamus, which results in hypersecretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) will ultimately affect the __________.
ovaries and testes
The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is __________.
ACTH
Which of the following hormones will be elevated in a patient with primary hypothyroidism, which results in a nonfunctional thyroid gland?
TSH
Which of the following hormones has effects that involve positive feedback loops?
Oxytocin
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
ADH
With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?
pituitary gland
What connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
infundibulum
What type of tissue makes up the adenohypophysis, or anterior pituitary gland?
glandular epithelium
What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
releasing and inhibiting hormones
What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin) made?
hypothalamus
Which of the following organs contains target cells for oxytocin?
mammary glands
What does thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) target?
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Which of the following is a gonadotropin?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
When growth hormone levels are low, which hormone stimulates its release?
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Hypersecretion of growth hormone after the epiphyseal plate closes causes a disorder known as:
acromegaly.
The hormone calcitonin is produced by the __________ cells of the thyroid.
parafollicular
An increased amount of parathyroid hormone is being secreted due to a tumor on the parathyroid gland. This increase of PTH will result in the patient having
weakened bones due to overactivity of osteoclasts.
Which of the following is not one of the effects of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
increased calcium storage in bones
Which of the following glands is located in the anterior neck, just superficial to the larynx?
thyroid gland
What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?
calcitonin
Thermoregulation is the responsibility of:
thyroid hormones
If the thyroid gland is unable to produce iodinated thyroglobulin, what is the effect on hormone production?
Less triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones are made.
Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier.
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), production of T3 and T4
What is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
slow heart rate
Which of the following accompanies Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
weight gain
What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
hypocalcemia
Under normal conditions, what is the response to an increase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production
Harrie has fragile bones that easily fracture. Which hormone should be checked for normal levels?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin mainly targets and inhibits the activity of osteoclasts in bone.
true
A patient presents with buffalo hump, weight gain, increased blood pressure, suppression of the immune response, and osteoporosis. The most likely diagnosis will be __________.
Cortisol Hypersecretion
The outer region of the adrenal gland is called the __________.
cortex
What is NOT a primary effect of aldosterone?
maintaining blood glucose
What first tier hormone stimulates cortisol production?
CRH
Which hormone acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent?
cortisol
Which hormone promotes gluconeogenesis as a way to increase blood glucose levels?
cortisol
Hyposecretion of both aldosterone and cortisol results in:
Addison's disease
Which hormones of the HPA axis stimulate the synthesis of epinephrine by chromaffin cells?
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
When blood glucose levels are high
The pancreas releases insulin.
A liver cell responds to insulin by
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells.
Body cells that respond to insulin include
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
When blood glucose levels are low
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
Homeostasis
A pancreatic tumor that secretes excess insulin would result in
hypoglycemia
If you are busy all day and do not have time to eat, the hormone that will be released by your pancreas is __________.
Glucagon
Insulin is produced by the __________ cells of the pancreas.
Beta
What is the main function of glucagon?
raise blood glucose levels
Glucosuria and ketonuria are characteristic of:
diabetes mellitus
Renal failure not only effects the urinary system, it will also
effect red blood cell formation, vitamin D conversion and cause disruption in blood pressure regulation.
Which of the following hormones is important for T lymphocyte maturation?
thymosin
What is the function of leptin?
induces satiety
The pineal gland produces the hormone __________.
melatonin
Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of:
T lymphocytes.
Testosterone is primarily produced by the:
testes.
Secondary sex characteristics of females are stimulated by:
estrogens.
What hormone is produced by adipocytes to regulate satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating?
leptin
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes:
vasodilation
What is the target tissue of erythropoietin (EPO)?
red bone marrow
Which of the following glands secretes mineralocorticoids?
Adrenal cortex
The hormone that helps regulate blood sodium concentration, by stimulating Na<sup>+</sup> conservation in the kidneys is:
Aldosterone
Which of the following is not one of the effects of cortisol?
stimulates the inflammatory response
Which of the following will cause negative feedback inhibition of the HPA axis?
high cortisol levels
The cells that secrete glucagon are located in the:
pancreas
Which of the following is not one of the effects of epinephrine?
Increased water retention
What is the name of the hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is:
ACTH
In times of stress, the hypothalamus activates the:
sympathetic nervous system
Somatotrophs are stimulated by:
GHRH
Which of the following is not one of the short term effects of growth hormone?
stimulates the storage of glucose in muscle
Which of the following hormones is not important for fluid homeostasis?
epinephrine
Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to stress?
Cortisol
Which hormones work synergistically to retain water?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone
What hormone(s) determines the basal metabolic rate at rest when fasting?
thyroid hormones
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