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lab practical #1

Terms in this set (31)

MSA: selective or differential?
both
MSA: selective ingredient
salt, selects for halotolerant species
MSA: differential ingredient
manitol, differentiates for species that can ferment manitol
MSA: indicator
phenol red; red is a negative result yellow is a positive result
MSA: what is it commonly used for?
staphylococcus
EMB: selective or differential?
both
EMB: selective ingredient
eosin Y and methylene blue, selects for gram negative species
EMB: differential ingredient
lactose, differentiates for species that can ferment lactose
EMB: indicator
eosin Y and methylene blue; turns bacteria pink (less), purple (more), or metallic green (most) when the bacteria is utilizing lactose
Phenol Red Broth: selective or differential?
differential
Phenol Red Broth: differential ingredient
a single specified carbohydrate
Phenol Red Broth: indicators
phenol red turns yellow when the bacteria is able to ferment the specified carbohydrate; durham tube shows if gas was produced by developing bubbles in the tube
Starch Hydrolysis Plate: differential or selective?
differential
Starch Hydrolysis Plate: differential ingredient
starch is the differential ingredient- not all bacterial species can hydrolyze starch
Starch Hydrolysis Plate: indicator
iodine; iodine is added after incubation and binds to starch; no color= positive result, starch was hydrolyzed dark brown= negative result, bacteria couldn't hydrolyze the starch
MTM: selective or differential?
differential
MTM: differential ingredient
solid media w/ slightly less agar to allow motile bacteria to move through the media
MTM: indicator
tetrazolium salts; turns red in the presence of live metabolizing bacteria- shows where the bacteria has moved (or not moved) in the tube
FTM: selective or differential?
differential
FTM: differential ingredient
oxygen gradient is utilized to show category of respiration; top of the tube has the most oxygen while bottom has none
FTM: indicator
resazurin; shows the oxygen gradient to determine what kind of growth is occuring
FTM: types of bacterial respiration
•Obligate Aerobe: requires O2 to survive; will die without it
•Obligate Anaerobe: does not require O2 to survive; more importantly O2 is toxic to it
•Microaerophile: Requires slightly lower concentrations of O2 than typically found in the atmosphere; too high can kill them
•Facultative anaerobe: can respire anaerobically if they need to, but much prefer to respire aerobically (yields more ATP)
•Aerotolerant anaerobe: respire exclusively anaerobically; do not need O2 but are also not affected negatively by presence of O2.
simple stain
use of a single basic dye, used to increase contrast for observation under a light microscope
gram stain
A staining method that distinguishes between two gram positive and gram negative bacteria
gram stain: stain colors
gram positive= stain purple via crystal violet
gram negative= stain pink via saffranin
acid fast stain
carbolfuchsin used to stain Mycobacterium species, differentiates between bacteria that have mycolic acid in their cell wall and those that don't
acid fast stain: stain colors
pink/red= positive for mycolic acid via carbolfuschin blue= negative for mycolic acid via methylene blue
acid fast stain: stain methods
- ziel-neelsen utilize heat to force carbolfuschin
- kinyoun utilizes longer incubation period to force stain
endospore stain
utilizes staining to show endospore structure in bacillus and clostridium bacteria
endospore stain: stain colors
malachite green= primary dye used to dye the endospore, safranin= used to show the entire structure
aspetic technique
A procedure performed under sterile conditions. Utilizes flaming, alcohol spray, and gloves
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