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Bio Ch. 7 How Cells Harvest Energy

Terms in this set (20)

In animals that take in oxygen from their environment, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a process called
aerobic respiration.
In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called
pyruvate
One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule. The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?
Decarboxylation
All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?
The mitochondria
What must happen to amino acids before they can be used in catabolic reactions?
They must be deaminated
What stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen present?
Glycolysis
When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?
Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation
What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?
NAD+
In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:
a difference in H
+
concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
In the reaction: C4H6O4 + FAD C4H4O4 + FADH2, what type of reaction took place to remove the protons from C4H6O4?
Dehydrogenation
How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?
ATP can be made by direct phosphorylation of ADP in the cytoplasm, and by an enzyme
complex that uses the energy from a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the
mitochondria. It can also be made in other locations in the cell, depending on the cell type.
During what step of glycolysis are two ATP molecules required?
Glucose priming
What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?
It is reduced to form water
When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that:
ADP is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
What is the net number of ATP generated directly during glycolysis per molecule of glucose?
2
What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
NAD+
If ATP synthase had a mutation in the F1 complex portion of the protein, which function of ATP synthase would most likely be affected?
The conversion of ADP and P
i
to ATP
Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy are called
Heterotrophs
The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O. At what specific point in the cellular respiration process has glucose been broken down completely from a six carbon molecule to 6 molecules of CO2?
During the second oxidation in the Krebs cycle
Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in the
mitochondria
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