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ECGs

Terms in this set (22)

Name the branches of the RCA (5)
Sinoatrial Node Artery (SANA)
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
- Right Main Artery (RMA)
- Atrioventricular Nodal Artery (AVNA)
- Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
Name the branches of the left coronary artery (3)
Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
Circumflex (CxA)
- Left Marginal Artery
What are the inferior, anterolateral, anteroseptal, anterior, posterior leads
Inferior - II, III, aVF
Anterolateral - I, aVL, V5, V6
Anteroseptal - V1, V4
Anterolateral - V5, V6
Posterior - V1, V2, V3 (recip)
What arteries usually supply the inferior, anterolateral, anteroseptal, anterior, posterior aspects of the heart?
inferior - RCA
anterolateral - LCx
anteroseptal - LAD
anterior - LCA
Posterior - RCA
what are the main rhythm patterns? (4)
Sinus rhythm (P waves present before QRS, regular)
Nodal/Junctional rhythms (regular QRS without P waves) classified by aetiology or rate:
- 40-60bmp: Junctional Escape rhythm
- 60-100bmp: Accelerated Junctional rhythm
- >100bmp: Junctional tachycardia

- Automatic Junctional Rhythms - due to enhanced automaticity in AVN cells
- Reentrant Junctional Rhythms (e.g. AVNRT)
Atrial fibrillation (no discernible P waves, irregularly irregular QRS)
Atrial flutter (saw-toothed baseline)
What is left, right, total axis deviation? (3)
left - -30 to -90
right - 90 to 180
total - 180 to -90
what are some causes of LAD (6)
Vascular - Inferior MI
Signal Pathway Disturbance - LBBB, LAFB, WPW
Anatomical Shift - Pregnancy, Ascites, Abdominal Mass
Anatomical Growth - HTN, LVH
Anatomical Abnormality - ASD Primum
10% COPD (Pseudo-LAD ?due to reduced conductivity of emphysematous lungs - distinguished by lack of RFs for cardiac disease e.g. HTN, coronary artery disease)
what are some causes of RAD (5)
Vascular - Anterolateral MI
Signal Pathway Disturbance - RBBB, LPFB, WPW
Action Potential Disturbance - Na+ Blockade, hyperK+
Anatomical Growth - PE, RVH
Anatomical Abnormality - ASD Secundum, Dextrocardia
COPD
What is the normal conduction time for QRS (1)
0.08 - 0.12 seconds
causes of wide QRS (3)
ventricular initiation
conduction defect
WPW
what is a pathological q wave and what is a cause
Q is larger than 25% of the R in 2 contiguous leads
full thickness MI
RVH effect on QRS
dominant R wave in V1 and Deep S wave in V6
LVH effect on QRS
Sokolov-Lyon Criteria (R-wave in V5/6 + S-wave in V1 >35mm)
what is a normal PR interval, and what are causes of long, short, and depressed PR interval?
normal - 0.12-0.2 seconds (3-5 small squares)
long - heart block
short - accessory conduction/nodal rhythm/HOCM
depressed - pericarditis
what are some toxins that cause prolonged QTc (4)
Macrolides
Anti-arrhythmics (Ia/III) - Quinidine, amiodarone
TCAs
Anti-Histamines
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