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SPC 1017 Midterm FSU ZIEGLER

Terms in this set (78)

Communication
any process in which people, through the use of symbols, verbally and or non verbally, consciously and or not consciously, intentionally or unintentionally generate meanings (information, ideas, feelings and perceptions) within and across various contexts, cultures, channels and media.

all symbols are arbitrary and ambiguous
Message
goes b/w sender & reciever
What percentage of our communication is non-verbal?
67-93% (85% is generally agreed upon)
Is communication linear or transactional?
transactional
What are the 4 types of noise?
Physical noise
Psychological noise
semantic noise
physiological noise
Physical(external) Noise
external noise (if a fire alarm went off, it would interrupt communication)
comes from the environment and keeps the message from being understood
Psychological noise (internal noise)
internal noise (Mr. Zeigler only has 40 seconds out of every minute.. the other 20 are internal noise)
occurs in the minds of the sender-receivers when their thoughts or feelings are focused on something other than the communication at hand
Semantic noise
Noise because of a particular noise used (Ex: language barrier)
caused by peoples emotional reactions to words
Physiological Noise
noise because of hunger, lack of sleep, daydreaming
What are the three tenants of communication?
1. Communication is continuous and simultaneous
2. Communication has a past, present, and a future
3. all communicators play roles
Types of Communication
Intrapersonal: (thinking to yourself)
Interpersonal: (communication with another person, only 2 people)
Small-Group: (3-5 people, not greater than 12; optimal # is 5-7)
Public Communication: (Speaker with an audience) over 10
Mass Communication: (technology)
Channel
is the route traveled by a message
Types of channels
senses- touch, taste, smell, auditory
technological channels - Wi-Fi, cell tower
Feedback
The response of the reciever/sender to each other
Feedback loop
We're often judged by how well you give and respond to feedback
Ethic Consideration/Ethical Communication
communication that is honest, fair, ad considerate of others' rights
1. Protect other peoples views
2. Strive to understand and respect other peoples communications (Stand up for people)
3. Avoid plagiarism
4. Accept responsibility for our communication
Culture
The ever changing values, traditions, social and political relationships, and worldview created and shared by a group of people bough together by a combination of factors (which can include a common history, geographic location, language, social class and or religion.
Co-culture(old: subculture)
people who are part of a larger culture but also belong to a smaller group that has some different values, attitude, or beliefs.
Intercultural Communication
the communication that occurs whenever two or more people from different cultures interact.
How are self-concepts formed?
1. Reflected appraisals
2. Social Comparisons
3. Self- perception
Reflected Appraisals
messages you get about yourself from others (used mostly by girls)
Social Comparisons
when you compare yourself with others so you can see how you measure up (used mostly by guys)
Self-perception
the way you see yourself (used mostly by older people)
Self-Fulfilling prophecies
events or actions that occur because you and other people have expected them.
How we perceive information (3 steps)
1. Select information
2. Arrange the information (organize)
3. Remember it (interpret)
Perceptual Filters
limitations that result from the narrow lens through which we view the world(if your biologic makeup differs from that of the predominant society-obese, short, unattractive-you may have difficulty maintaining a positive self-concept because of the distortions your senses cause)
objective reality
the actual territory or external reality everyone experiences (the world as it is)
subjective view
your personal mental maps of the world(the world as it appears)
World View
a set of moral, ethical, and philosophical principles that govern the way people live their lives and interact with others
Cultural Identity
the degree to which you identify with your culture, and it is determined by the values you support
2 factors of cultural identity
1. It's learned
2. it varies in strength
Why do we study intercultural communication?
1. we understand our own identity better
2. enhances your personal and social interactions
3. enhances the quality of our civilization
4. to solve misunderstanding, miscommunications, and mistrust
5. helps you become a citizen of international communities
Which intercultural communication we study:
1. power differences
2. individualistic/collectivist
3. femininity/masculinity
4. uncertainty avoidance
5. long term v. short term orientation
6. high context versus low context
Obstacles to intercultural communication
1. ethnocentrism
2. stereotypes
3. prejudice
4. discrimination
ethnocentrism
belief that our behaviors, norms, and ways of being are superior to others
stereotypes
an oversimplified or distorted views of a group of people
prejudice
a negative attitude towards another group with little or no experience with that group
discrimination
an overt action to exclude, avoid, or distance ourselves from another group
Strategies to overcome obstacles to intercultural communication
1. assimilation
2. accommodation
3. separation
Assimilation
drop the things that identify you with the non-dominant culture and take on the dominant culture
Accomodation
we take some of our cultures and mix it with others
Separation
going in and not having any part of the other culture
personal inventory
an assessment of your own resources. what are you interested in?
General Purpose
you determine whether you intend to inform or persuade
Informative Speeches
generally concentrate on explaining-telling how something works, what something means, or how to do something
Specific Purpose
a single phrase that indicates precisely what you expect to achieve in your speech
Central Idea
the main thrust of the speech, the thesis statement
Three stages in working out the purpose of your speech
1. selecting the general purpose
2. selecting the specific purpose
3. stating the central idea
4 things you need to know about your audience
1. demographics
2. knowledge base
3. attitudes, values
4. occasion (time of day, etc)
2 major ways we mess up a speech
1. pick a topic that's too broad
2. don't cite the sources
What to look for in supporting material
Comparison
Contrast, definition
examples
statistic
polls
testimony
Patterns of Organization
Time
Spatial
Cause/effect
Problem/solution
Topical
Things to include in the introduction
get attention of audience
introduce topic
formulate points (preview central ideas and main points)
establish credibility
Things to include in the conclusion
transition to conclusion
signal the end of your speech
summarize main points
make a memorable final statement
Transitions
comments that lead from one point to another to tell your audience where you have been and where you are going
3 tips for transition
1. use a transition to introduce main heads and to indicate order
2. write out your transitions an include them in your speech outline
3. if in doubt about whether to use a transition, use it
Reference list
Everything you used in writing your speech;

3-5 given orally in a 5-7 min speech
4 characteristics of a good deliver
1. conversational
2. attentiveness
3. immediacy
4. being direct
Conversational
when you are speaking, think of it as a conversation
attentiveness
be focused on the moment, respond to the audience
immediacy
you're focused on the communication model and you're aware of feedback
Directness
being natural and straightforward
4 Types of Delivery
1. Impromptu (Ex: job interviews)
2. Manuscript - write it out, present it
3. Memory - write it out, commit to memory, go up and speak it
4. Extemporaneous Speaking (what we do - goal)
Pace
how fast or how slowly a person speaks
Inflection
the change in pitch used to emphasize certain words and phrases
Enunciation
made up of articulation and pronunciation
Articulation
the ability to pronounce the letters in a word correctly
Pronunciation
the ability to pronounce the whole word
What is the reason for visual aids?
to add meaning to the speech and to help the audience to remember or understand something they wouldn't otherwise
Visual Aid Rules:
Display only when needed
Don't give out in beginning
Should be able to be seen
Informative Speech Goals
increase understanding
help retention
audience engagement

To achieve ^ use: descriptions, explanations, examples
power distance
contrasting groups of cultures by social inequality
individualism versus collectivism
the degree of integration and orientation of individuals within groups
femininity versus masculinity
contrasting groups of cultures that looks at the division of rules between men and women
uncertainty avoidance
compares tolerance for the unknown when contrasting a group of cultures to another group of cultures
long-term orientation
measures the trade off between long-term and short-term gratification of needs
high context versus low context
contrasts how much info is carried in the context (high) and how much in the code or message (low)
visual aid
includes devices such as charts, graphs, slides, computer generated images that help illustrate the key points in a speech
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