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Lab 9-Spinal Nerves

Terms in this set (42)

The autonomic nervous system is divided into what? What structures does this innervate? The autonomic nervous system pathway consists of how many neurons? What are they called, where are they coming from/what is their function?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
Glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue
Preganglionic neuron-starts in CNS and synapses in autonomic ganglion
Autonomic ganglion-ends of pre-gang neurons and cell bodies of postgang neurons
Postganglionic neuron-projects towards target cell/organ
For parasympathetic, name the following: craniosacral or thoracolumbar, origin in the CNS, location of ganglia, pre and postganglionic axon lengths, degree of branching, and neurotransmitters released (pre and post ganglionic)
Craniosacral
Brain stem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X as well as spinal cord segments S2-S4 (VOGF24)
Close to target organ or within walls of target organ
Long preganglionic axons, short postganglionic axons
Minimal branching
Preganglionic axons-acetylcholine
Postganglionic axons-acetylcholine
For sympathetic, name the following: craniosacral or thoracolumbar, origin in the CNS, location of ganglia, axon lengths, degree of branching, and neurotransmitters released (pre and post ganglionic)
Thoracolumbar
Lateral horns of gray matter of spinal cord T1-L2
Close to CNS
Short preganglionic axons, long post ganglionic axons
Extensive branching
Preganglionic axons-acetylcholine
Postganglionic axons-norepinephrine
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects for the following?
Pupil of eye
Heart
Arterioles and veins
Bronchioles of the lungs
Digestive tract
Pancreas
Adrenal medulla
Kidney
Urinary bladder
Adipose tissue
Sweat glands
Genitals
Uterus
Dilation-Constriction

Increase heart rate-decrease heart rate

Vasoconstriction-no innervation

Bronchodilation-bronchoconstriction

Decrease mobility & secretion-increase mobility & secretion

Decrease enzyme secretion-increase enzyme secretion

Release catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)-N/A

Vasoconstriction to decrease urine output-N/A

Urinary retention-urinary release

Fat break down/lipolysis-N/A
Sweating-N/A

Ejaculation-Erection

Depends on stage of cycle-Depends on stage of cycle
Identify the following structures on a diagram and name their function:
Dorsal Root
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral Root
Spinal Nerve
Ventral Median Fissure
Dorsal Median Sulcus
White Columns-3 types
Dorsal Root-Nerve root that connects to the posterior spinal cord and contains axons of sensory neurons
Dorsal Root Ganglion-Bulge on dorsal root that contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
Ventral Root-nerve root that connects to the anterior spinal cord containing axons of motor neurons
Spinal Nerve-formed by the fusion of dorsal and ventral roots-mixed nerve
Ventral Median Fissure-anterior groove that partially divides the spinal cord into halves
Dorsal Median Sulcus-posterior groove that partially divides the spinal cord into halves
White Columns-dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculus
Identify the following structures on a diagram and name their function:
White matter
Dorsal Horns
Ventral Horns
Lateral Horns
Gray Commissure
Central Canal
White matter-composed of myelinated axons
Dorsal Horns-Posterior projections of gray matter that contain interneurons and axons of sensory neurons
Ventral Horns-Anterior projections of gray matter that contain interneurons cell bodies of motor neurons
Lateral Horns-Lateral projects that contain cell bodies of motor neurons of ANS
Gray Commisure-Cross bar of H surrounding central canal
Central Canal-Narrow central cavities that carries CSF/nutrients
Go over cervical and lumbar enlargements, cauda equina, filum terminale, and conus medullaris. Where does the spinal cord end?
Conus medullaris (l1-l2)
How many spinal nerves are there? What are the divisions? How many plexuses are there and what are they? Why isn't there a thoracic?
31
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral
3 or 4-cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral (also known as lumbosacral)
What cervical ventral rami does the cervical plexus originate from? How many peripheral nerves are formed? What is the mnemonic?
C1-C5
7 peripheral
Lets Go Torment Some Angry Space People
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the lesser occipital nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C2 and C3
I-cutaneous-skin on posterolateral aspect of head and neck
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the greater auricular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C2 and C3
I-cutaneous-Skin of ear and over parotid gland
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the transverse cervical nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches? What is the mnemoic?
P-Cervical
O-C2 and C3
I-cutaneous-skin on anterior and lateral aspect of neck
Lets Go Torment Some Angry Space People
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the supraclavicular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C3 and C4
I-cutaneous-Skin of shoulder and clavicular region
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the ansa cervicalis? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C1-C3
I-Motor-Infrahyoid muscles of the neck
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the segmental branches? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C1-C5
I-Motor-Deep muscles of neck
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the phrenic nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Cervical
O-C3-C5
I-Motor-Diaphragm
What lumbar ventral rami does the lumbar plexus originate from? How many peripheral nerves are formed? What in mnemonic?
L1-L4
6 peripheral nerves
Flying Over iceland Is Green Land
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the femoral nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L2-L4
I-skin of anterior and medial thigh, skin of medial leg and foot, hip and knee joints
anterior muscles of thigh, pectineus, and iliacus
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the obturator nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L2-L4
I-sensory to skin of medial thigh and hip + knee joints
Motor for adductor, gracilis, and obturator externus muscles
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L2 and L3
I-cutaneous-skin of lateral thigh and sensory branches to peritoneum
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the iliohypogastric nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L1
I-skin of lower abdomen and hip
anterolateral abdominal muscles
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the ilioinguinal nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L1
I-Cutaneous-skin of external genitalia and proximal medial aspect of the thigh
Motor-inferior abdominal muscles
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the genitofemoral nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Lumbar
O-L1 and L2
I-skin of scrotum in males, skin of labia majora in females, and anterior thigh inferior to inguinal regional
cremaster muscles in males
What sacral ventral rami does the sacral plexus originate from? How many peripheral nerves are formed? What is the mnemonic?
L4-S4
7 peripheral nerves technically (sciatic counts even though it is made of 2)
Stop Touching Carl Sara is Probably Pissed
What is the plexus name and origin for the sciatic nerve? What is this composed of?
P-Sacral
O-L4-S3
Splits into two branches just above the knee
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the tibial nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-L4-S3
I-Cutaneous branches to skin of posterior surface of leg and sole of foot
Motor branches for muscles of back of thigh, leg, and foot (such as hamstring, flexor muscles, etc)
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the common fibular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-L4-S2
I-Cutaneous branches for skin of anterior and lateral surface of the leg as well as dorsum of foot
Motor branches to muscles of thigh, leg, and foot such as biceps femoris, fibularis muscles, and extensor muscles of the toes
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the superior gluteal nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-L4-S1
I-motor branches to gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the inferior gluteal nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-L5-S2
I-motor branches to gluteus maximus muscle
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the posterior femoral cutaneous? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-S1-S3
I-skin of buttock, posterior thigh, and popliteal region
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the pudendal nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Sacral
O-S2-S4
I-skin of perineum
muscles of perineum and external anal sphincter
What brachial ventral rami does the brachial plexus originate from? How many peripheral nerves are formed? What is the mnemonic?
C5-T1
5 major, 10 total
And My Mean University Roommate Doesnt Like Scrubbing Several Plates
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the dorsal scapular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Branches of C5 rami
Rhomboids and levator scapulae
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the long thoracic nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Branches of C5-C7 rami
serratus anterior
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the sub scapular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Posterior cord and branches of C5 and C6 rami
subscapularis muscles and teres major
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the suprascapular nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Upper trunk (C5 and C6)
I-shoulder joint
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the pectoral nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Branches of lateral and medial cords (C5-T1)
I-Pectoralis major and minor muscles
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the axillary nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Posterior cord (C5 and C6)
I-cutaneous braches to skin of shoulder region
muscular branches to Deltoid and teres minor muscles
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the radial nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-Posterior cord (C5-T1)
I-cutaneous branches to skin of posterolateral surface of entire upper limb
muscular branches for posterior muscles of arm and forearm
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the ulnar nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-medial cord (C8 and T1)
I-cutaneous branches to skin of hand
muscular branches for flexor muscles of anterior forearm and intrinsic muscles of the hand
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the median nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-lateral and medial cord (c5-t1)
I-cutaneous branches to skin of hand and dorsum of fingers 2-3
muscular branches to flexor muscles of anterior forearm, muscles of palm, and digits
What is the plexus name, origin, and structure served for the musculocutaneous nerve? Are these cutaneous or motor branches?
P-Brachial
O-lateral cord (c5-c7)
I-cutaneous-skin of anterolateral forearm
Motor/muscular-flexor muscles of anterior arm
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