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Exam #2

Terms in this set (15)

what is the difference in fundamental frequencies for males and females?
males: 130 times/second
female: 250 times/secon
what is fundamental frequency?
rate at which the vocal folds vibrate: measure in Hertz (Hz)
what are the vocal folds doing to produce a breathy voice?
the vocal folds are not adducting/closing well
what are the vocal folds doing to produce a hoarse voice?
uneven closure of vocal folds
what are the vocal folds doing to produce a harsh voice?
the vocal folds close with excessive force
what is an organic voice disorer?
damage to the focal folds themselves
what is a functional voice disorder?
physical structure is normal, but the vocal mechanism is being used improperly or inefficiently
what is a neurologic/neaurogenic voice disorder?
organic voice disorders that result from problems with the central or peripheral nervous system innervation to the larynx
what causes vocal fold paralysis? what category of voice disorder is it?
lack of nerve signal to the vocal fold(s), surgical mistake, neurological disease; breathy voice
what are characterisitics of vocal fold nodules? (singer's nodules or nodes)
typically bilateral, result from repetitive overuse or misuse of the voice, appears callous-like, both men and women are affected - women between the ages of 20 and 50 years old are more prone to vocal cord nodules.
what are characterisitcs of vocal fold polyps?
result from repetitive overuse or misuse of the voice but also occurs from single episode of vocal abuse, appear more blisterlike and swollen, typically unilateral but can be bilateral, typically larger than nodules.
what are two types of polyps and why are they different?
Sessile: blister-like
Pedunculated: attatched via a stem
what are some of the lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of developing laryngeal cancer?
smoking, chewing tobacco, not eating enough fruits/veggies, drinking alcohol, consuming large quantities of processed foods, exposure to asbestos, a family history of throat cancer
what are the 3 types of alaryngeal speech and how are they different?
buccal: uses the inner cheek to produce sound rather than the larynx
esophageal: produced by ingesting air into the upper region of the esophagus and releasing it such that the tissues vibrate and produce sound
pharyngeal: articulated with retraction of the root of the tongue and constriction of the pharynx
what anatomical changed occur after a laryngectomy?
the vocal folds, hyoid bone, all laryngeal cartilages, all intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles are removed - creation of a stoma for breathing (permanent hole in the neck that will never close); loss of normal speech, reduced sense of smell and reduced sense of taste, loss ability to swim.
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