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Antibiotic Resistance

Terms in this set (15)

What are 4 ways bacteria can resist antibiotics?
*build their cell wall in a different way than the antibiotic inhibits
*block the entry of the antibiotic through a particular channel
*produce an enzyme that deactivates the antibiotic
*have alternate metabolic pathway to producing the needed product that the antibiotic normally blocks
What is the essential method that bacteria pass antibiotic resistance to other bacteria?
Through plasmids, small circles of DNA that contain just a few genes. One of these genes provides the antibiotic resistance.
What is a biofilm?
Complex ecosystems of different microbes that live together and adhere to a surface; if one of the species is antibiotic resistant, it can possibly protect ALL of them!
Biofilms on medical devices
Frequent cause of post-surgical infections for things like hip replacements, back surgery, or pacemakers.
MRSA
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus; an infectious disease caused by a pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics
bacteria strain
subspecies of a particular bacteria species; for example, there about 500 subspecies of E.coli and over 1000 subspecies of S.aureus.
Why is it important to understand the concept of strains when considering bacterial infections?
Different strains produce different toxins and have the ability to resist different antibiotics.
VRE
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MDRTB
Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
antibiotic resistance
the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
drug resistance
The reduction in effectiveness of a medication in curing a disease or condition.
Enterococcus (example) mechanism to resist vancomycin
builds its cell wall in a different way than the antibiotic normally blocks
Staphylococcus aureus (example) mechanism to resist amoxicillin
uses an enzyme called penicillinase to inactivate the antibiotic
Bacterial (example) mechanism to resist sulfa drugs
use an alternative metabolic pathway to produce the nutrient folate
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