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Bioethics Unit 3 Test Study Guide

Terms in this set (57)

What is IVF?
in vitro fertilization (literally fertilization in glass)
List five steps in the whole process of IVF from collection of gametes to birth:
1. chemical treatment to force follicle development (hyperstimulation)
2. surgical collection of eggs from hyperstimulated ovaries
3. masturbation to collect sperm
4. combining sperm and eggs in lab
5. embryo transfer into uterus
What would you say to help your friend to understand why his parents chose IVF?
Spouses want their love to be fruitful. If they are infertile, they might go to any length to have children.
Does IVF cure parents' infertility?
No, IVF bypasses infertility.
What would you recommend instead of IVF and why?
NaPro Technology often cures infertility and it doesn't manufacture children or treat them like products.
What would you do to help the Church and our school to respect everyone, whether he or she was manufactured by a technician using IVF or conceived in a conjugal act of intimate personal loving union?
Everyone has an invaluable dignity that must be respected.
True or False: ART stands for both assisted and artificial reproductive technologies according to secular sources.
False
True or False: ART stands only for assisted reproductive technology according to most secular sources.
True
True or False: ART really stands for both assisted and artificial reproductive technology according to most ethicists in the Church.
True
True or False: According to the Church all artificial RTs are ethically unacceptable because a technician separates the unitive and procreative aspects of the conjugal act and produces a child as a product of technology.
True
True or False: An ART is ethically unacceptable if it separates the unitive and procreative aspects of the conjugal act, thus replacing the conjugal act with a technology.
True
True or False: Artificial Insemination (AI) replaces the conjugal act only if surrogacy is involved.
False
True or False: Cloning involves assisting reproduction but not actually manufacturing a child.
False
Name 2 artificial RTs
IVF + AI (artificial insemination)
Name 1 assisted RT
NaPro Technology
List three considerations when judging an artificial reproductive technology:
1. Does it keep the conjugal act intact?
2. Does it respect the dignity of the child?
3. Does it respect the dignity of the spouses?
True or False: In ART, homologous refers to being related by marriage.
True
True or False: Surrogacy and egg donation use a person as a means to an end and violate the personalistic norm.
True
True or False: ET stands for embryo transfer.
True
True or False: SIFT or ZIFT is surrogate intrafallopian injection or insemination.
False
True or False: GIFT is gamete intrafallopian embryo transfer.
False
True or False: ICSI is intercellular cytoplasmic insemination.
False
True or False: The correct sequence of IVF and ET is: hyperstimulation, collection of gametes, IVF or IVF with ICSI, genetic screening/testing, sorting and culling, ET, intrauterine injection, gestation, selective abortion, gestation, birth
True
True or False: IVF has a typical efficiency of 80 to 100%?
False
True or False: Surrogacy is the service of conceiving and/or gestating a child either for pay or not for pay.
True
True or False: Cloning refers to one of three technologies: 1. gene cloning or DNA cloning or recombinant cloning, 2. reproductive cloning (SCNT), 3. therapeutic cloning (SCNT)
True
True or False: It is ethically licit (acceptable) and sometimes necessary to assist married couples in some aspect of the voluntary conjugal act or sexual intercourse and its sequelae, consequences or effects.
True
Give the time period: Egg donation becomes popular
1990s
Give the time period: IVF starts and birth of Louise Brown
1970s
Give the time period: 300 IVF clinics
1990s
Give the time period: first successful artificial insemination of humans to treat infertility
1800s
Give the time period: first successful artificial insemination of animals to control fertility
1700s
Give the time period: Sperm Bank of California makes donations available to unmarried women
1980s
Give the time period: George Washington University researchers performed twin-splitting on human embryos
1990s
Give the time period: preimplantation genetic diagnosis used to select an embryo to produce a child to serve as a donor of stem cells from umbilical cord blood to save a sibling suffering from a terminal disease (anemia/leukemia)
2000s
Give the time period: U.K. sanctioned cloning for therapeutic use
1990s
Give the time period: first human embryos produced using the technique of nuclear transplantation (Advanced Cell Technology)
2000s
Give the time period: about 400,000 frozen embryos stored at US IVF facilities
2000s
What is Ethically unacceptable using IVF with regards to men?
uses masturbation to collect sperm and abuses gametes
What is Ethically unacceptable using IVF with regards to women?
extra embryos are discarded and inject hormones("chemical violence") and risky surgeries
What is Ethically unacceptable using IVF with regards to child?
Treats the child as a product where it deserves to be conceived in a loving act
What is ethically unacceptable about egg donations especially with women?
It makes the woman and her eggs an object
What is ethically unacceptable about egg donations especially with posterity?
Against the rights of the child; they have a right to know the biological mother
ART
artificial (assisted) reproductive technology
artifical insemination
Injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
procedure in which the sperm and ovum are placed directly in a fallopian tube
Sperm intrafallopian tube transfer (SIFT)
sperm inserted are placed directly in a fallopian tube
ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer)
Like GIFT, except fertilization occurs similarly to IVF, and the resulting zygote(s) is transferred to a fallopian tube
IVF with ICSI
IVF, sperm injection is used to enhance fertility when infertility is caused by low sperm quality
embryo transfer
a procedure in which an embryo is implanted into a woman's uterus
homologous artificial insemination
The process in which a husband's sperm is mechanically injected into his wife's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
heterologous artificial insemination
The process in which donor sperm is mechanically injected into a woman's vagina to fertilize her eggs.
surrogate
a woman who is paid who carries a baby for the parents
donor
someone who gives eggs or sperm for couples to use to reproduce
SCNT
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technique used for reproductive cloning
reproductive cloning
technology that produces genetically identical individuals
therapeutic cloning
The cloning of human cells by nuclear transplantation for therapeutic purposes, such as the generation of embryonic stem cells to treat disease.
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