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History Exam 2

Terms in this set (78)

From which country did the United States buy the Louisiana Territory?
France
Why was the United States interested in owning the Louisiana Territory?
wanted access to New Orleans and the Mississippi river for transportation and trade
less European presense in the US
doubled their territory
Why did the Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?
Jefferson looked good because of the cheap purchase of so much farmland
cooperation with France
potential conflict with Spain and Britian
Who was in the "Gallo-Hispano-Indian ominum gatherum" that Fisher Ames mentioned was living in the Louisiana Territory in his 1803 letter to Thomas Dwight?
French, Spanish, and Indians
What did Ames think of them?
he did not like them, referred to them as savages
Who did the US government prefer to have lived in the Louisiana Territory?
He wanted people who were of his own English/white descent
What did President Thomas Jefferson send Zebulonn Pike, Meriwether Lewis, and William Clark to do in the western part of North America?
Explore, map, and claim the land
explore relations with Native Americans
Who were enemies of the United States during the War of 1812?
Britian and Natives
What are reasons the United States declared war against Britian in 1812?
Britian interfered with US-France trade
Britian interfered with US Navy (blockaded their ports and impress sailors)
What does the term "impress" mean with regards to sailors?
Force them to join British Navy
The outcome of the War of 1812 was basically a stalemate because:
there was no exchange of territory
Britain interfered less in Canadian waterways and territory
Canada remained British
What is the "Star Spangled Banner" about
it is a description of a battle during the war of 1812
What was the significance of the Convention of 1818?
Extended the US-Canada boarder along to 49th parallel (to Oregon Territory)
Joint US-British control of Oregon
conditions of trade between US and Britain
US got fishing lines off Newfoundland
What was the significance of the Adams-Onis Treaty? (essay)
Florida became US territory
United States recognized spanish control of Texas
pro - US had control of florida
con - continuing slavery
Who did the United States negotiate the Adams-Onis Treaty with?
Spain
John Quincy Adams diary entry
early assertion of Manifest Destiny, while mentioning European countries in the United States had dealt with during the Era of Good Feelings
When did most of the countries of the Western Hemisphere gain independence?
between 1810-1830
From which European countries did they gain independence?
Spain and Portugal
Who are/were the creoles?
People of European descent but born outside of europe
How were they involved in these wars for independence?
The countries became Creole-dominated
What did the United States assert with the Monroe Doctrine?
Part of the President James Monroe's 7th State of the Union Address
How was this assertion connected to the newly independent countries of the Western Hemisphere?
They will go to war with them if they try to come back
U.S. wanted to assert itself as a dominant force in Western Hemisphere
What did the United States pledge to do concerning wars in Europe?
They don't plan to take sides in Europe affairs
When was there a law to ban the importation of slaves?
It was passed 25 years after ratification
became effective on the first day possible
slave trading within the US was still legal
What was slavery like in the United States?
Hard labor, no wages, harsh punishments, people were slaves for life, children could be slaves, owners raped slave women to create more slaves.
When and how did slavery end in Canada?
Slavery ended in 1820 because of gradual abolition
nobody could be a slave after 25 & nobody else was brought in as a slave
Which countries of the Western Hemisphere had slavery after the 1850s?
United States, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Brazil
Why was the cultivation of cotton that could be grown away from water a major discovery?
It could be grown in the interior of the United States
it created more slavery because there was more agriculture with the cotton.
What was cottons impact on agriculture, and by extension, slavery, in the United States?
It made the United States rich
Cotton in the US was 75% of the world's supply and 50% of the US's exports.
What was the significance of the Missouri Compromise in terms of agriculture and economics in the United States?
Economic motives were strong
big profit and low prices with slaves
laws did not address morality of slavery
US was founded on liberty (Enlightenment) but there was little for Native Americans and Africans
Where was slavery allowed and not allowed because of it?
Area to the northwest of Missouri was not allowed to have slaves but area to the south was
What was the principle of balance?
states were admitted in pairs
stalemate for 40 years: senate is 1/2 slave and 1/2 free states
What was sectionalism?
trying to keep slave and non-slave states politically happy
What were characteristics of Andrew Jackson as a military leader, Indian fighter, and president?
he stepped up as a leader against Native Americans
Who in the US population did Jackson generally support?
Farmers and the "common man"
What were the effects of the Indian Removal Act?
gave the president power to negotiate removal of treaties with Native American tribes living east of Mississippi
What were the effects of the US Supreme Court decision in Cherokee Nation v Georgia?
Natives could not claim land that belonged to the United States
What was the significance of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty? (essay)
Settled boundaries between US and Britain
pros- they had shared control of Great Lakes
cons- ?
Who did the US negotiate the Webster-Ashburton Treaty with?
Britian
In John O'Sullivan's use of the term "manifest destiny" in The Democratic Review in 1845, what is the meaning of the terms "continent," "providence", and "yearly multiplying millions"?
Providence- belief that it is God's will that US should occupy all of the continent
yearly multiplying millions- rapidly increasing population of the United States
continent- North America
What was the significance of the Oregon Boundary Treaty?
where to draw a border between US and British North America
US had access to the Pacific
Britain had the 42nd parallel
Who did the US negotiate the Oregon Boundary Treaty with?
Britian
How did Texas become a part of the United States?
Americans in Texas declared it independent from Mexico
Texas was then an independent country, then later became a US state.
What territory did the United States acquire from Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican War (1846-1848)?
40% of Mexican Territory that would later become 10 future states
What types of people were living in that Mexican Territory?
75,000 Spanish-speaking Mexicans and 150,000 Indians
What was the Wilmot Proviso?
Territory acquired from Mexico should be free states
What was the Compromise of 1850?
Slavery in territory won from Mexico decided on by white men living there
California admitted as a free state
slave trade abolished in DC
Fugitive Slave Act reinforced
What did the Fugitive Slave Act require?
All Americans had to turn in suspected runaway slaves
Why were some people opposed to US actions in the Mexican War?
The United States was acting like an empire but was supposed to be a democracy
racism towards Mexicans
What did anti-slavery and pro-slavery people get from it?
Anti Slavery - California was free, slave trade was abolished
Pro Slavery- popular sovereignty(slavery decided on by vote of white men in a territory)
Fugitive Slave Act
Why did slaves flee to Canada because of this Act?
It was illegal to have slaves there
there were settlements of runaway slaves throughout southern Ontario
What was the Underground Railroad?
It was not underground or a railroad
network of people moved out of slavery/United States and into freedom
Where did successful "passengers" on the Railroad end up?
Canada
How was Mary Ann Shadd's book A Plea for Immigration connected to the immigration of blacks to Canada?
She was a free black living in the US
moved to Canada after passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
encouraged others to move to Canada
Why did the authors of the Ostend Manifesto want the United States to take control of Cuba?
Slavery was still legal in Cuba
they could add it to the US as a slave state
they feared that a slave revolt in Cuba could spread to the US
it had good agriculture
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Repealed the Missouri Compromise
slavery no longer outlawed northwest of Missouri
popular sovereignty to decide if slavery in Kansas & Nebraska
What was "bleeding Kansas"?
guerrilla warfare (200 deaths)
What was popular sovereignty?
White men living in a territory decide if slavery is allowed there
Why did US territorial expansion slow in the 1850's?
Kansas proved that more territory= more "sectional" trouble
What were the main goals of the Republican Party when it was formed in the 1850's?
opposed expansion of slavery (threat to capitalism)
wanted to keep the US intact
made up of anti-slave members of Whig & Democrat parties and members of Free Soil Party
Who was the U.S. at war with during the "War of 1812"?
British, Natives
Where was the War of 1812 fought?
waterways, lakes, rivers, bays
What percent of slaves brought ended up in the US?
5%
How did the U.S. constitution protect slavery? Why?
fugative slave act, it was written into the constitution to keep everyone happy and involved politically
What is the significance of the Louisiana Purchase? (essay)
wanted access to New Orleans and the Mississippi river for transportation and trade
pro- more transportation and trade for the US
con- larger amount of land for the US to defend and protect
What was the Era of Good Feelings?
the U.S. achieved successes against several European countries and Native Americans during this era
To what was James Madison referring by mentioning 'the element from which forms three-fourths of the globe'?
water
The U.S. were unable to capture what capital city?
York (Toronto)
What capital were the British able to capture and buy?
Washington, DC
What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?
wanted to keep Western Hemisphere from being re-colonized by Europe
Why were African slaves the preferred source of labor in the U.S. (instead of Native Americans or indentured servants)?
cheaper than servants
would not gain voting/property rights
steady supply
Where did most African slaves come from?
the coast
What laws were passed by Georgia to try to force Natives out?
no rights to gold found on their land
jailed for talking about staying on land
tribal government outlawed
Why did the Cherokee nation sue Georgia?
kicked them out of the state government
What were some of the complaints by the Cherokee chief John Ross about the treatment of the Cherokee people?
they were forced out of their own territory
resources and defense taken away
their rights taken away
What is an example of slave resistance?
running away
What was life like for free slaves in Canada?
agriculture, labor, shoe factory, lumber, grist mill, blacksmith, bank, store
What was the significance of the references to 'Africanized' and 'St. Domingo' in the Manifesto?
Haiti was referred to as St. Domingo and Africanized after the slave revolt
U.S. is worried the same thing will happen to Cuba and then the U.S.
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