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Chapters 3, 4, and 5

Terms in this set (42)

Fieldwork
ALL OF THESE
can be done in the anthropologist's own culture
is done by anthropologists who live with the group studied
when written about is called an ethnography
uses many different methodologies
Frank Boas is considered by many to be one of the founding figures of cultural anthropology in American.
True
Anthropological fieldwork involves
ALL OF THESE
observing the every day behaviors of the people being studied
living with the people being studied
surveying the environment and material possessions of the people being studied
asking questions of the people being studied
"Real" anthropology can be done when
ALL OF THESE
a Western anthropologist goes to a tribe
the anthropologist works in his/her own culture
a Non-Western anthropologist goes to a Euro-American culture
a Western anthropologist goes to a modern nation
Which of the following statements is true of Arembepe, Brazil?
It is an area of multiple research projects conducted by many anthropologists from different countries.
What is salvage ethnography?
recording of cultural diversity that is threatened by Westernization
Taking part in events one witnessing and describing is known as
participant observation
All of the following are true about ethnography except
It privileges ethnographers' observations and conclusions over the local people's views and beliefs.
We learned in "Tricking and Tripping" that the ethnographer, Claire Sterk, as part of her participant observation:
spent a great deal of time getting to know individuals before asking them for official interviews
Our article "The Evolution of Diet" suggests that:
ALL OF THESE
we didn't actually have just one caveman diet
we have evolved to depend upon cooked food
the shift to processed foods has led to increased obesity and related diseases
The linguistic term "phonetic" as in phonetic alphabet, is the source for the concept of the etic perspective in anthropology
True
Nonstandard English Vernaculars are
fully efficient languages with their own grammar
Ebonics is the general term used for any mechanical implants to the human body, showing how the modern world is affecting us even on a physical level
False
A study of bilingual Japanese-American women supported Sapir-Whorf in finding that:
the same women responded in different ways to questions asked in English and in Japanese.
What do sociolinguists study?
speech in its social context
What term refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups?
focal vocabulary
What term did anthropologist Edward T. Hall coin to refer to the study of spatial relationships between people
proxemics
In a stratified society, even people who do not speak the prestige dialect tend to accept it as standard or superior. This phenomenon is referred to as
symbolic domination
Studied of the differences in the use of color terms between female and male Americans suggest that
changes in culture produce changes in language and thought
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by almost all ethnographically known hunter-gatherers?
They live in environments that are of little interest to food-producing societies.
Foraging refers to
collecting food from the landscape
What subsistence strategy characterized most of human existence?
foraging
Anthropologists have worked among groups where foods are exchanged between people, not with an eye towards maximizing profits, but rather
to strengthen social obligations
Which of the following is a characteristic of most foraging societies?
egalitarianism
The term alienation is used to describe what phenomenon in industrial economies?
the separation of workers from the things they produce
Which of the following is associated with the horticultural systems of cultivation?
slash and burn techniques
They key factor that distinguishes agriculturists from horticulturalists is that agriculturalists
use land intensively and continuously
A disadvantage of participant observation as pioneered by Malinowski and other early anthropologists is that
only a small sample can be studied.
Ethics in Anthropology
applies to both working with informants and colleagues.
when comparing the emic and the etic perspectives on a cultural item:
the strength of anthropology comes from its consideration of both perspectives
When studying a culture today, anthropologists
must consider culture contact, external organizations, and power differentials and how they affect cultures.
Which of the following is not a characteristic field technique use by ethnographers?
Telephone questionnaires
All are true, but which of the following most completely characterizes the ethnographic approach?
It relies on firsthand contact with the community being studied, including participation in its cultural life and observations of its social conditions.
There are 6 vowel phonemes in American Standard English, corresponding to the letters a e i o u and sometimes y.
False
For Noam Chomsky, the "Universal Grammar" is
the underlying "rules" or similarities of all human languages
In which region of the United States do people not speak with an accent?
Regional speech variations exist throughout the United States.
Deborah Tannen's research on the speech habits of mean and women has revealed that
women tend to use language to build social connections with others
Pastoral people in different parts of the world
usually maintain regular trade relations with neighboring agriculturalists.
economic anthropologists study production, distribution, and consumption
in all of the societies in the world, both industrialized and non-industrialized
Agricultural intensification is not associated with
greater ecological diversity
Paying taxes is an example of
redistribution
Which of these statements about generalized reciprocity is true?
It is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.
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