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Bio 1111 ch 12

Terms in this set (20)

The scientist who published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" in 1859 was
Charles Darwin
Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that
individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce
The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are filter then the intermediate phenotype is
Disruptive selection
According to Darwin, natural selection usually
preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population.
The scientist who was the first to recognize a principle of superposition was
Georges Cuvier
The mode of natural selection which one extreme phenotype is fittest in the environments selects against the other is
Directional selection
convergent evolution means that
organisms living in similar habitats may develop similar traits even though they are not closely related.
In 1785, the theory of uniformitarianism was proposed by
James Hutton
Ancestors of the Galapagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands. Some seeds were very small, and required small beaks to handle. Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack. This led to ____ among the Galapagos finches.
disruptive selection
The geologist who, in 1830, renewed the idea of uniformitarianism by showing that gradual changes in some organisms could be represented in successive fossil layers was
Charles Lyell
Three types of natural selection are
directional selection, disruptive selection, stabilizing selection
The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is
stabilizing selection
The North America bison was hunted to near extinction in the 1800s, and has since recovered, but with decreased genetic diversity. This an example of
Bottleneck
The relatively short term changes in allele frequencies within a species or population is
microevolution
An organisms phenotype is
its observable properties
The founder effect occurs when
small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through
artificial selection
Darwin read which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?
More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce
Genetic change in a population over time defines which of the following?
evolution
The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's
gene pool
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