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Week 2 Holistic health (patient assessment) Test 1

Terms in this set (50)

vital signs
temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure, height and weight
Temperature
97.7-98.6
pulse
60-100 bpm
blood pressure
120/80
pulse oximetry
92-100%
apical pulse
pulse taken with a stethoscope and near the apex of the heart
taken when pulse is too fast or irregular
radial pulse
the pulse felt at the wrist
repiratory signs
retractions (intercostal retractions)
use of accessory muscles
tripodding
Orthostatic hypertension
Take vitals sitting vs standing and compare
if drop in 20 systolic or rise in 20 pulse
systolic pressure
Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.
diastolic pressure
Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.
serial measurements
taken every day
Kyohosis
backwards bend of spine
infants measured
laying down
physical exam percussion
tympany - high drum like sound
resonance- low loud ( over air filled lungs)
hyperresonance- very loud, low booming (emphazema)
dullness/flattness- heard over solid area like an organ, muscle, or rib.
Bell of stethoscope
cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds. like heart murmurs
Diaphragm of stethoscope
big flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds
Wood's lamp
Filtered black light that is used to illuminate skin disorders, fungi, bacterial disorders, and pigmentation.
otoscope
to look into an ear
General Survey
physical appearance, body structure, mobility, behavior
General Survey physcial appearance
age, sex and LOC
General Survey - body structure
skin color and condition
facial expressions or bruises
siigns of distress
stature - body fat
nutrition - weight
body parts- symmetric
General Survey: Mobility
gait, range of motion
mood and affect - behavior
mood and affect
dress
odors
Pain
Defined as what the patient says it is

-both subjective and objective
Nociceptors
sensory receptors that enable the perception of pain in response to potentially harmful stimuli

-Heat, pressure, chemicals
transduction of pain
conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.
transmission of pain
movement of pain impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord & then to the brain
gate-control theory
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain.
Types of pain
acute-tissue damage
Musculoskeletal -
visceral - abdominal crampy (acute)
somatic - tissue, bones, joint sharp
cutaneous - skin, burning
referred - felt at a different location
neuropathic pain
abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature

Diabetes, shingles
muscle pain
achey, stiff, tender
pain assesment
location
quality
quantity (scale of 1-10)
chronology
associated factors
what makes it better or worse
basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
thermogenesis
generation of heat
Obesity increases the risk for (name a few...)
hypertension, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea
Dehydration can be seen as
poor skin turgor, seen in vital signs
24 hour recall
listing the types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in the past 24 hours
B vitamins

B12
Cell metabolism ,

B12 for DNA synthesis and red blood cell maintaince
Vitamin D
Calcium, immune system, risk for cancers
Anticholinergics
Older people take these and don't always eat snough

Dry mouth

Atropine

GI - Slows motility, spasm
Eyes - Dilates pupils DO NOT GIVE TO GLAUCOME PTS
Heart - Increase HR
Resp - bronchodilator (Atrovent)
Nutritional assessment includes
-Subjective data
Eating patterns
Food prep
usual weight and if it fluctuates
Changes in appetite
Recent surgery or trauma
How do you feel about your weight
Chronic illness
absorption problems (vomiting, diarrhea)
Allergies or intolerance
Self Care (Drugs, alcohol, exercise)
Nutritional assessment includes
-Objective data
Height
weight
Growth charts
physical exam
appearance
body size
distribution of fat
skin hair and nails, lips tongue,
Types of abuse
Physical, verbal, psychological, sexual, neglect
domestic violence
85% female victims
1 out of 4 women experience violence
maladaptive drug abuse
anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life

obligations not met
relationships suffer
legal/hazardous conditions occurr
alcoholism symptoms
cirrhosis
cancers
hypertension
accidents
depression
Alcohol questionarre
Cut down
Annoyed of criticism
Guilty
Eye opener morning drink
Liver enzymes with alcohol use
GGT Gamma glutamyl transferase
Cultural Assessment
health beliefs
causes of illness
treatment
religious impediments
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