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History of Psych Final

Terms in this set (50)

Herman Von Helmholtz
Demonstrated Neural impulse speed; theory of color vision broken down into red, blue, and green
Gustav Fechner
Developed concept of absolute threshold under which nothing can be perceived; developed difference threshold, to tell difference between stimuli
Ernst Weber
Developed 2 point discrimination, or the difference between two points; Developed method for examining mind/body.
Joseph Gall
Developed phrenology, idea that different parts of the brain were seat of specific functions; Developed idea of contralateral connections, left side controlling the right and vice versa.
Pierre Flourens
Contradicted Gall's Phrenology; Brain was too soft to affect skull and Galls selection of areas for functions were wrong
Paul Broca
Located Broca's area of brain for speech; Examined the brain through posthumus exams
Wilhelm Wundt
Founding father of Psychology; Studied Sensation and feeling and elements of consciousness
Herman Ebbinghaus
First to apply experimental methods to higher functions; Presented non-sense syllables as a measure of learning, taking nine times longer than sense syllables
Edward titchener
Wrote "An outline of Psychology"; wrote experimental psych which stirred lab creation
Margaret Washburn
First woman to receive PhD; Wrote the book on comparitive Psychology
Frances Galton
Developed correlation as measure of relationships; Measured thought by sensory ability
Herbert Spencer
Coined survival of the fittest; Developed idea of social evolution
William James
Founder of American Psychology; theorized stream of consciousness
Mary Calkins
First Female APA president; Conducted first formal study of dreams
Christine Ladd-Franklin
Developed Theory of Color Vision; Tried to get into Titchener's Experimentalists
Helen Woolley
First to test variability hypothesis;Studied children and schooling on intelligence
Leta Hollingworth
Said motherhood instinct is not innate; Wrote book on gifted children.
Ruth Howard Beckham
First African American Female to get PhD; Studied development with triplets
John Dewey
Refuted Reflex arc; Established one of the first psychology lab schools
G Stanley Hall
First American Psychology Doctorate; Founded the APA
Frances Sumner
First African American to earn Degree in Psychology; Translated thousands of Psych articles, Education reform leader
James Cattell
Coined term "Mental Tests"; Developed order of merit ranking system
Alfred Binet
Developed Stanford-Dinet test; Established "mental age" of children
Lewis Terman
Adopted idea of IQ; Ratio of mental age to actual age times a hundred
Lightner Witmer
Founded first psych clinic; Founded educational psychology, First clinical psychologist in the world, First course in clinical psych
Walter Dill Scott
First to apply psych to personnel selection; First professor of applied psychology
Hugo Munsterberg
Studied problems with eye witnesses; Created simulated crime studies
Lillian Gilbreth
Studied how to make workers more efficient; First to get degree in IO Psych
Robert Yerkes
Developed group intelligence tests; Sparked Assessment movement
Edward Thorndike
Developed law of effect; Developed theory of trial and error learning through cat in a puzzle box
Ivan Pavlov
Father of classical conditioning; Believed in solely stimulus/response
John Watson
Conditoned fear in children with the Little Albert Study; believed psychology should be solely Stimulus/response; APA President 1915
Karl Lashley
Developed principles of equipotentiality, theory that one part of the cerebral cortex is equal to another in learning; Challenged Watson's behavior compounded through conditioned reflexes
Edward Tolman
Developed idea of cognitive maps in rats and humans; Theorized about latent learning
B.F. Skinner
Developed operant conditioning; Schedules of reinforcement
Kenneth Clark
First African American President of APA; Tested racial stereotypes in children which was used in Brown vs Board of Education which reversed Segregation in schools
Albert Bandura
Known for developing modeling through Bobo Doll study; Developed social learning theory
Max Wertheimer
Discovered apparent motion / Phi phenomena; One of three founders of Gestalt Psychology; the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Wolfgang Kohler
Studied problem solving in Chimps; Insight is Spontaneous, AHA! Moment
Kurt Lewin
Founder of Applied Social Psychology
Kurt Koffka
Comprehensive explanation of Gestalt Psychology; Thought Psychology should be perception solely
Julian Rotter
Developed locus of control ; Behavior is expectancy and value
sigmund Freud
Foundr of psychoanalysis; Developed psychosexual stages
Anna Freud
worked for clear explanations of defense mechanisms; Worked with child psychoanalysis
Carl Jung
Developed idea of collective and personal unconscious; Developed archetypes of personality
Alfred Adler
Developed Characteristics of birth order; suggested feeling of inferiority base behind development
Karen horney
Created theory of neurotic needs; Rejected penis envy with womb envy
Abraham Maslow
Created the hierarchy of needs ending in self-actualization; Spritual father of Humanism
Carl Rogers
Developed the self-concept; Described term positive regard as mothers love
George Miller
Founder of cognitive psychology; Discovered the magic number seven plus or minus two or working memory limits.
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