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Chapter 4

Terms in this set (72)

Which of the following statements are true about work process in the analysis of work flow? (Select all that apply.)
Every work process consists of operating procedures.

Work process are activities used to produce a given output.

Operating procedures include tasks used to produce output.
The way jobs are connected vertically and horizontally throughout a company is referred to as which of the following?
organization structure
Work processes originally developed in Japan that focus on manufacturing goods with a minimum amount of time, materials, money, and people are referred to as __________ production.
lean
The money an organization invests in equipment is calculated in terms of ______ per worker.
capital spending
In regard to a work-unit activity analysis, which of the following are raw inputs? (Select all that apply.)
materials

information

data
Which of the following are inputs? (Select all that apply)
human skills

raw materials

equipment
Which of the following offers a cross-sectional overview of the relationships between individual workers and units that create output?
organizational structure
True or false: Work processes should be studied before the work outputs of a work unit are identified.
False
Which of the following is the term that describes the process of examining the actions that are required in order for a product to be made or a service to be provided?
work-flow design
The degree to which decision-making authority resides at the top of the organizational chart is referred to as __________.
centralization
Which of the following refers to the technology and facilities needed to create a product from raw materials?
equipment
Which of the following are components identified in a work-unit activity analysis? (Select all that apply.)
raw inputs

equipment

human resources

activity

output
A disadvantage of a ______ is that individual workers may grasp their department's mission, but not that of the larger company.
functional structure
Organization structure is usually depicted by way of a(n) ______, which presents relationships between employees and their responsibilities.
organizational chart
______ is the degree to which work units are grouped based on functional similarity or similarity of work flow.
departmentalization
A(n) ______ has relatively low rates of centralization.
divisional structure
Which of the following characteristics of divisional structures helps them be more creative and able to respond quickly to change?
focus on work-flow
An organization with a ______ structure is highly centralized and departmentalized.
functional
Which of following are potential drawbacks of a divisional structure? (Select all that apply.)
self-cannibalization

inefficiency

inability of units to see the "big picture"
Organizations using a ______ structure are made up of different units that operate somewhat independently.
divisional
Which of the following types of organization structures would be most appropriate in a volatile environment?
Divisional
Which of the following statements is true about divisional structures for an organization in contrast to functional structures?
Divisional structures can exploit consumer opportunities faster.
Managers in ______ structures often need to have more on-the-job know-how and a greater ability to think critically. They have decision-making responsibility.
divisional
Which of the following statements is true about divisional structures for an organization in contrast to functional structures?
Division structures can result in one unit achieving gains at the expense of another unit.
A(n) _____________ organization structure is best in steady, relatively unchanging environments where outputs can be produced efficiently. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
functional
Performing a(n) ______ helps an organization match the appropriate people with the appropriate jobs for them.
job analysis
The jobs in an organization using a(n) __________ structure tend to be very focused and specific, with very little room for workers to make their own decisions.
functional
Effective ______ requires managers to determine the skills needed to perform the organization's jobs, as well as the number of people needed to perform those jobs.
human resource planning
The process of obtaining detailed information about jobs is known as job __________.
analysis
______ identifies the best and most capable potential employees.
Human resource selection
Which of the following are potential uses of the information gathered through performance appraisal? (Select all that apply.)
compensate employees for high performance

demonstrate reasoning behind punishment of employees for low performance
Which of the following describes the process by which current workers in an organization are matched with jobs in the organization that suit their qualifications and interests?
career planning
Which of the following describes the analysis of an organization's staffing requirements?
human resource planning
______ is performed so that each job can be paid fairly and in accordance with the organization's pay structure.
Job evaluation
The first step in identifying which applicants are most qualified during human resource selection is to ______.
determine duties for a job and figure out what qualifications an individual needs to perform the job successfully
______ is the process that organizations use to determine how well an employee is doing at his or her job.
Performance appraisal
______ seeks to connect workers with jobs that they find fulfilling and will perform well.
Career planning
______ helps managers understand work flow, select the best applicants for jobs, improve employees' job performance, and ensure the safety of workers.
Job analysis
Organizations perform job __________ to determine the dollar value of a job.
evaluation
A list of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities (TDRs) that a position entails is called a ______.
job description
A(n) ______ is the individual's level of proficiency at doing a specific action, whereas a(n) ______ is his or her overall aptitude.
skill; ability
When obtaining job analysis information, under which of the following circumstances are the ratings of several job incumbents doing the same job likely to disagree?
when the job is complex
Job analysis is an important to line managers for which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply)
Understanding job requirements is critical to making intelligent hiring decisions.

Managers need to understand the possible dangers associated with a job to ensure work is being done safely.
What are the types of information most helpful when performing a job analysis? (Select all that apply.)
job description

job specification
Because they form organically, social networks in the workplace are more ______ than formal organizational charts.
volatile
The list of knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAOs) that are necessary for successful performance of a job is known as a ______.
job specification
In carrying out a job analysis, who is considered to have the most accurate information about what is actually done on the job?
the job incumbent
Which is the section of the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) concerned with the physical activities, tools, and devices used by an employee to perform his or her job?
work output
By closely examining workplace social networks, companies are able to determine which of the following?
which employees over-communicate
The ______ is a survey that is useful in job analysis process.
Position Analysis Questionnaire
Which of the following replaced the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) in 1998?
Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
Errors in job analysis are likeliest to arise from which of the following?
outdated job descriptions
Managers who make changes to existing jobs are performing ______.
job redesign
The U.S. Department of Labor currently produces the ______, a resource that provides information about various occupations and the qualifications needed to do them.
Occupational Information Network
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, roughly 10% of U.S. workers are engaged in which of the following?
alternative work arrangements
Which of the following are potential conditions that lead to a need for redesigning jobs? (Select all that apply.)
increases in work loads in a work group

decreases in work-group size
The mechanistic approach to job design is derived from what discipline?
classical industrial engineering
Which of the following conditions would require the use of job design?
Creation of a new work unit
Situations such as changes in the work loads within work units, changes in the work group size, and work not being completed in the most efficient manner all require ______ of existing jobs.
redesign
Which was one of the first examples of the mechanistic approach to job design in the workplace?
scientific management
Managers utilizing the motivational approach to job design will focus on increasing the meaningfulness of jobs through which types of the following interventions? (Select all that apply)
giving employees the freedom to make decisions

giving employees tasks that they feel are important
Which aspect of the Job Characteristics Model motivates employees the most?
task significance
What is another term for the biological approach to job design?
ergonomics
______ is concerned with examining the interface between individuals' physiological characteristics and the physical work environment.
Ergonomics
The motivational approach to job design is derived from which discipline?
organizational psychology
According to the ______, jobs can be described by five features: skill variety, task identity, autonomy, feedback, and task significance.
Job Characteristics Model
The biological approach to job design is derived from which disciplines?
biomechanics, work physiology, and occupational medicine
Which of the following issues would likely be of interest to an ergonomics researcher? (Select all that apply.)
design of the workspace

level of lighting in the workplace
Unlike the biological approach, which focuses on physical capabilities and limitations, the perceptual-motor approach focuses on which of the following?
human mental capabilities and limitations
Which of the following statements is accurate concerning recent changes in technological capabilities?
Interruptions, such as incoming texts or emails, can distract a worker performing a complicated task.
The perceptual-motor approach to job design is derived from which the following?
human-factors liturature
Which of the following is the term that refers to the reduced attention of a person who is interacting with multiple media?
absence presence
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