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Cell Organelles w/osmosis

Terms in this set (35)

Prokaryote
Class of organisms that are single-celled, without a nucleus, and have no membrane bound organelles
Cell wall (prokaryote)
Rigid structure that gives shape to prokaryotic cells
DNA
The molecule that contains the genetic code and is used in transmitting this information from parents to offspring
Flagellum
A long, thin appendage that allows many unicellular organims to move, including prokaryotes, bacteria, and spermatozoa
Nucleoid region
The area in which DNA is housed in prokayotic cells, where the nucleus is absent
Pilus
Hair-like appendage found on the surface of some prokayotes that allow them to attach to surfaces or connect with other cells
70S Ribosome
The organelle responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells, smaller than its eukaryotic counterpart
Cytoplasm
Jellylike material within living cells in which organelles are found, excluding the nucleus
Cytosol
The liquid component of the cytoplasm that does not contain any organelles
Eukaryote
Class of organisms that possess a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, contain genetic material within chromosomes, and may by uni- or multicellular
Cell wall (plant)
Structural layer outside cell membrane in plant cells that provides structural support. Cellulose and lignin are improtant components for terrestrial plants
Chloroplast
An organelle found in plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs. It includes thylakoids, grana, and stroma.
Plastid
A category of organelles that contains pigment or food located in the cytoplasm of plant cells
Chromatin
The biological complex of genetic material which forms chromosomes, in which DNA is wrapped around histone proteins
Chromosome
Structure made of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucelus that contains some or all of the genetic material of an organism
Cilium
A small, hairlike organelle found in eukaryotic cells that either provides propulsion or acts as sensory protrusions
Cytoskeleton
A structural and organizational component of a cell composed of microtubules, microfilaments/actin filaments, and intermmediate tubules
Golgi apparatus
The organelle responsible for packing and exporting proteins from the cell
Lysosome
An organelle enclosed by a single membrane that contains digestive enzymes
Microfilament
Structural component of the cell that is a solid rod mainly composed of actin involved in cell movement and division
Microtubule
Structural component of the cell that consists of a thin tube and a major component of the mitotic spindle in cell division
Mitochondrion
The organelle in which the majority of ATP is produced, earning it the name "the powerhouse of the cell"
Nuclear envelope
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Nucleolus
A small, dense region with the nucleus in which ribosomes are produced
Nucleus
The double-membrane bound, round organelle found in the center of the cell that contains genetic information
Plasma/cell membrane
The structure that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell. It is a lipid bilateral and regulates the passage of molecules in or out of a cell
Plasmodesmata
Tiny channels between adjacent cells in plants that allow transport and communication between them
Ribosome (80S)
The organelle responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, larger than its prokaryotic counterpart
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Smooth membrane system near the nucleus in which ribosomes are embedded, involved in synthesis of proteins primarily for use outside the cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Smooth membrane system near the nucleus in which ribosomes are not embedded, involved in synthesis of proteins primarily for use outside the cell
Transport vesicle
Small structure within a eukaryotic cell consisting of a fluid filled space enclosed by a membrane. Its function is the transport of molecules
Central vacuole
Organelle found in plant cells that stores water and other materials. It helps to maintain stable pressure
Food vacuole (endosome)
Fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane found in some unicellular eukaryotes that has digestive capabilities
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Why does osmosis occur?
Water will move across a membrane until the concentration of solute is the same on both sides.
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