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Barbering Exam Review CH.7 BASICS OF CHEMISTRY

Terms in this set (48)

What term applies to all living things and those things that were once alive?
Organic
Gasoline, synthetic fabrics, plastics, and pesticides are all considered organic because they are manufactured from __________.
natural gas and oil
Metals, minerals, water, air, and ammonia are all example of ___________ substances.
inorganic
Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element _________________.
carbon
Which of the following is defined as anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass (weight)?
Matter.
There are 118 different elements known to science today. How many of these are naturally occurring on Earth?
98.
Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter?
Atoms.
__________ is the element most commonly found in the known universe.
Hydrogen
An example of an elemental molecule is ____________.
the oxygen in the air
As the basic unit of matter, __________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.
atoms
Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of changes in what type of properties?
Chemical.
What chemical compound can exist in all three states of matter depending on its temperature?
Water.
An example of physical change is _____________.
ice melting to water
In hair lightening processes, what substance oxidizes the melanin pigments in hair, leaving the hair a lighter color?
Hydrogen peroxide.
An example of a chemical change is ____________.
the oxidation of haircolor products
____________ refers to either the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
Reduction.
When using a permanent wave neutralizer, ____________.
hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen
When oxygen is combined with a substance, the substance is ____________.
oxidized
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and are referred to as a(an) _____________ reaction.
redox
What type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur?
Endothermic.
Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?
Aluminum foil.
__________, also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen.
Bases
What color do acids turn blue litmus paper?
Red
A _________ is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance.
solution
Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension?
Surfactant.
An example of water-in-oil emulsion is ______________.
cold cream
________ are examples of emulsions used in barbering services.
Shampoos and conditioners
A(n) _____________ is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another.
emulsion
A(n) ____________ charged ion is called an anion.
negatively
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline ____________ solutions.
water-based
What does a pH below 7 indicate?
An acidic solution.
The letters pH denote __________, which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
potential hydrogen
Nonaqueous solutions, such as alcohol or oil, do not have ___________.
pH
What is the average pH for hair and skin?
5
Acidic solutions tend to __________ the hair.
harden
Acid-balanced shampoos and normalizing lotions associated with hydroxide hair relaxers work to create what type of reaction?
Acid-alkali neutralization.
What common cationic ingredient is used in dandruff shampoos?
Quaternary ammonium compounds.
What type of shampoos are mild formulations designed to prevent the stripping of hair color from the hair?
pH balanced.
_________ shampoos are formulated to make the hair smooth and shiny and to avoid damaging chemically treated hair.
Conditioning
An example of an instant conditioner is a ___________.
Detangling rinse
Which of the following are chemical compounds that attract and retain moisture from the atmosphere?
Humectants
What products are used to stimulate the surface circulation of the scalp, remove loose dandruff, or to impart manageability, shine, and control to the hair?
Hair tonics
Concentrated protein conditioners are used to ______________.
Increase the tensile strength of the hair
Which of the following remove her by pulling it out of the follicle?
Epilators
Styling aids typically consist of polymer and resin formulations that are designed to give the hair body and texture. An example is ____________.
mousses
Among the possible ingredients in wrinkle treatment creams are hormones and ____________.
collagen
Astringents may have alcohol content of up to what percentage?
35 percent.
Moisturizing creams are designed to treat ___________.
dryness
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