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Chapter 13: The Nervous System

Terms in this set (24)

What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system and what do they consist of?
CNS and PNS
CNS-brain and spinal cord
PNS-everything outside of the brain and spinal cord
What are the two subdivisions of the PNS and what do they consist of?
Afferent- sensory
efferent- motor
true
true/false: only the efferent division has somatic and visceral components
TRUE
what are the two major subdivisions of the efferent division of the PNS and what are they responsible for?
Somatic- skeletal muscle
Autonomic- involuntary movements
Largest most numerous of the glial cells of the CNS: maintain the BBB and repair damaged neural tissue
Astrocytes
Found in CNS; myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework(maintain=GOD)
Oligodendrocytes
surround and myelinate all PNS axons; participate in repair after injury
Schwann cells
Found in CNS; remove all debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis
Microglia
Found in PNS; regulate O2,CO2,nutrients, and neurotransmitter levels around the neurons in ganglia
Satellite
Line ventricles and central canal; produce, circulate, and monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
ependymal cells
describe the major differences between white and gray matter
White has myelin
Gray does NOT have myelin(or has less)
Are all neurons myelinated?
No, since myelination is for quicker transmission, but non-myelination has more neuron cell bodies
travels from CNS to PNS; stimulates or modifies the activity of a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system; forms the efferent division of PNS
Motor neurons
Several dendrites and a single axon that may have one or more branches; most common type of neuron in the CNS; motor neurons are an example
Multipolar neuron
contained entirely within CNS; situated between sensory and motor neurons; responsible for the analysis of sensory inputs and the coordination of motor outputs
Interneurons
found only in the CNS and in special sense organs; no anatomical clues to distinguish dendrites from axons
Anaxonic neuron
cell body lies between one dendrite and a single axon; relay sensory information concerning sight, sense, smell, and hearing(SPECIAL SENSES)
Bipolar neuron
travels from PNS to CNS; forms the afferent division of PNS; responsible for delivery of information to CNS
Sensory neurons
Has continuous dendritic and axonal processes, and the cell body lies off to one side; sensory neurons are an example
pseudo unipolar neurons
_____________ sensory neurons transmit information about the outside world and our position within it, whereas____________sensory neurons transmit information about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems.
Somatic; Visceral
3 types of receptors, and their functions, that are monitored by sensory
a. exteroreceptors- sense external environment(somatic sensory)
b. proprioceptors- sense position and movement of muscles and joints(somatic sensory)
c. interoceptors- sense internal environment(visceral sensory)
What is an action potential and what factors can influence the rate of impulse conduction?
an electrical impulse
myelin sheath- increase speed
diameter- increase speed= faster
What are neuroeffector junctions?
connection where nerve impulse attaches to effector to cause response
How are neuromuscular junctions related to neuroeffector junctions?
neuromuscular junctions are a type of neuroneffector junction
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