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SGU NB2

Terms in this set (99)

III - Oculomotor - SO4 LR6 rest 3
(loc, attachment, pathway)
Mesencephalon
Sup colliculi midbrain > ant tentorium cerebellum > anterolat cavernous sinus > sup orbital fissure
IV - Trochlear - SO4
(loc, attach, pathway)
Mesencephalon
Inf colliculi midbrain > inf tentorium > cerebellum > anterolat cavernous sinus > sup orbital fissure
V - Trigeminal
(loc, attach, pathway - V1, V2, V3 paths)
Metencephalon
Middle cerebellar peduncle lateral pons > trigeminal ganglion meckels cave > lat wall of cavernous sinus >>
V1 > sup orbital fissure
V2 > foramen rotundum > PT gang
V3 > foramen ovale > IT fossa
Name Piaget Stages in order + age
Sensorimotor preverb 0-2
Preoperational prelog 2-7
concrete logical7-12
formal abstract 12+
Erikson stages + age (TAI CII GI)
Trust v Mistrust 0-1
Autonomy v Shame/Doubt 1-3
Initiative v Guilt 3-6
Competence/Industry v Inferiority 6-12
Identity v Role confusion 12-20
Intimacy v Isolation 20-40
Generativity v Stagnation 40-60
Integrity v Despair 65+
Kolhbergs stages of moral reasoning:
Preconventional Stages
1 - obey to avoid punishment
2 - self interest, to obtain rewards
Kolhbergs stages of moral reasoning:
Conventional stages
3 - good boy, avoid disapproval from others
4 - uphold social rules to avoid guilt
Kolhbergs stages of moral reasoning:
Postconventional stages
5 - do it for public welfare, respect
6 - universal ethical principles that are self chosen (free mice)
APGAR scale
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration
0 bad - 2 good
Normal age of development for:
Object permanence
Words @ 12 months
Words @ 24 mos
OP - 9 mos
12 mos - 10 words
24 mos - 200 words, body parts pointing
Stages of Play (3)
Solitary sensorimotor <18mos
Parallel/symbolic 18mos-2yrs
Cooperative/imaginary 3-4yrs
Leading causes of death
<1, 1-44, 45-64, 65+
<1 congenital
1-44 unintentional
45-64 neoplasm
65+ CVD
Automatic Bladder: lesion & effect
Lesion ABOVE S2-S4 à spastic/automatic bladder (pt has reflexive bladder emptying once it fills to threshold volume)
Atonic Neuropathic Bladder: lesion & effect
Lesion AT S2-S4 (conus medullaris which houses PNS fibers respo 4 emptying bladder) à SC can't process incoming filling signals à cannot direct voiding reflex via PNS à bladder fills to brim & urine overflows
Temperature: ant & post hypothalamus
Ant = decrease temp (hyperthermia)
Post = increase temp (hypothermia)
Frohlich syndrome
damage ventromedial hypothalamus (decreases feeding) causing obesity
*lateral hypo = increase feeding
Main fcn of circumvent organs
SFO
OVLT
Area Postrema
Subcomissural
Post pit
Med eminence
Pineal
SFO - thirst
OVLT - electrolyte
Postrema - vomit
Subcomissural - secr glycoprot CSF
post pit - oxytocin, vasopressin
med em - hormones
pineal - melatonin
Aneurysm to post comm a
CN3
Aneurysm to ant comm a
CN2
Aneurysm to PICA
10, 11
Erikson stages + age
...
Aneurysm to SCA
4 then 3
Aneurysm to ICA
6
Aneurysm to basilar
pons
What happens to tongue/uvula if you damage:
hypoglossal
vagus
Hypo - ipsilat dev tongue
Vagus - contralate dev uvula
UMN damage to face
damage contralateral lower face motor (CN7) ONLY (no upper forehead motor damage)
LMN damage to face
damage 2 ipsilateral forehead & lower face
Muscles of mastication actions:
Temporalis
Lat & med pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis - elevate, retrusion
Lat ptery - DEPRESS, protrude
Med ptery - elevation
Masseter - elevate, protrude, retrusion
What drains into sphenoethmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
What drains into superior meatus?
posterior ethmoidal cells
What drains into middle meatus?
frontal & maxillary sinuses, ant & middle ethmoidal cells
What drains into inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
Kiesselbach's area: name the blood supply (2) & anastomose (4)
BS: ICA & ECA
Anastomose: septal branches of sphenopalatine, sup labial, ant ethmoidal, greater palatine
Extracranial swelling: soft, superficial, under skin, visible from birth, edema
Caput succedaneum
Extracranial swelling: hemorrhage btw aponeurotic & periosteum, few hrs after delivery, can involve large amnt blood
Subgaleal hemorrhage
Extracranial swelling: hemorrhage btw periosteum & bone, w/in 24-72 hrs, may take upto 2 wks to resolve, does not cross suture lines
Cephalohematoma
Which nodes does lymph drain from: lower lip & chin
submental then jugular omohyoid nodes
Which nodes does lymph drain from: drain med corner of orbit, external nose, medial cheek, upper lip, lateral part of lower lip
submandibular nodes then jugular digastric
Which nodes does lymph drain from: eyelids, external nose & lateral cheek
preauricular & parotid then jugular digastric
Innervation of parotid gland
Sensory - v3 auriculotemporal
Secretory motor - CN9 to otic gang to CN V3
Lymph from - tonsillar regions
jugulo-digastric
Lymph from - ant tongue, cancer at tip of tongue
jugulo-omohyoid nodes
Lymph from:
-Deep head/neck
-Superficial head/neck
Deep cervical nodes
Superficial cervical nodes
Carotid sinus & body inn
Sinus = baroreceptor, CN9
Body = chemoreceptor CN 9, 10
Are the following PNS or SNS?
Edinger-Westphal CN3
Ciliary ganglion
Otic ganglion
PNS
Are the following PNS or SNS?Nervus intermedius
Geniculate ganglion (pass)
PT ganglion
PNS
Are the following PNS or SNS?
Superior cervical ganglia
Symp chain ganglia
SNS
What do these have in common?
Horner's syndrome, pancoast tumor, ptosis, anhydrosis?
Loss of SNS innervation
What innervates: post auricle & skin of parotid gland (hint: lose sens over angle of jaw when stabbed in neck)
Greater auricular n from C2-C3
Innervation: larynx above vocal folds
internal laryngeal
Innervation: cricoid m tense cords (hint: loss = monotonous)
external laryngeal
Innervation: below true cords
recurrent laryngeal
Tumor distal to jcn where lingual & chorda tympani join causes:
loss of gen sens/taste AND salivation
Tumor prox to jcn where lingual & chorda tympani join causes:
loss of gen sens/taste (salivation in tact)
Which arch/pouch/groove?
V2 = maxilla, zygoma, portion of vomer
V3 = mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament, squamous temporal bone
1st arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
trigeminal
1st arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
muscles of mastication, maxillary a
1st arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
facial n
2nd arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Stapes, styloid process, stlohyoid lig, hyoid (lesser cornuae/horn & upper body)
2nd arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Stapes, styloid process, stlohyoid lig, hyoid (lesser cornuae/horn & upper body)
2nd arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Stapedius, stylohyoid, post digastric, facial expression
2nd arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
CN9, Hyoid (greater cornuae/horn & inferior body), stylopharyngeus m, CCA, ICA
3rd arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
superior laryngeal n, Pharyngeal constrictors, levator veli palatini, cricothyroid, aortic arch, R subclavian
4th arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
recurrent laryngeal n, Intrinsic m of larynx, striated m of esophagus, ductus arteriosus, pulmonary aa
6th arch
Which arch/pouch/groove causes defect: musc + cartilage of neck, midline mass connected to tongue
6th arch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
external acoustic meatus
1st groove
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Tubotympanic recess, middle ear cavity, mastoid antrum, pharyngotympanic tube
1st pouch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossa/sinus
2nd pouch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Thymus, inf parathyroid glands*
3rd pouch
Which arch/pouch/groove?
Sup parathyroid glands, ultimopharyngeal body (parafollicular cells of thyroid)
4th pouch
Lateral palatine processes form:
soft palate & most of hard palate
Intermaxillary segment forms (4):
philtrum upper lip, jaw w/incisor teeth, primary palate, premaxilla
· Cranial neuropore fails 2 fuse in wk 4, skull not formed
· Brain tissue (if present) exposed 2 amniotic fluid (causing necrosis/degen)
Rudimentary brainstem usually present, elevated AFP, polyhydramnios
meroencephaly/anencephaly
· No cleavage of prosencephalon (small undivided forebrain) à large single fused ventricle
· Craniofacial anomalies, midline structural abnormalities (smaller frontonasal prominence), single eye/nasal cavity/incisor teeth
· Environmental & genetic SHH
Severe NTD à most die w/in 6 mos
holoprosencephaly
· Abnormally small calvaria & brain (normal face size) à severe neuro defects bc underdeveloped brain
· Genetic/environmental (virus, ionizing radiation, drugs: FAS)
microcephaly
· Early closure of frontal (metopic) suture
· Protruding narrow forehead, eyes close together, triangular/pointed front of skull
Frontal Affected, Develop delays, learning/behavior probs, vision defects
trigonocephaly
· Most freq craniosynostosis
· Premature closure of sagittal suture
long narrow head
scaphocephaly
· Premature closure of coronal sutures
wide head
brachycephaly
· Premature closure of coronal suture on one side
· Missing/bulging/full "soft spot", bony ridges along sutures, facial abnorm (bulging forehead & brow on one side, uneven cheekbone/eye sockets/lower jaw), prominent BVs in scalp, poor feeding, projectile vomiting, seizures
*one eye closed on image
Plagiocephaly
Cranium bifidum w/meningocoele
meninges & CSF
Cranium bifidum w/meningoencephalocoele
meninges, brain, CSF
Cranium bifidum w/meningohydroencephalocoele
meninges, ventricle, brain, CSF
Inferior displacement of vermis of cerebellum & medulla through foramen magnum into vertebral canal
obstructive non-comm hydrocephalus (enlarged lateral & 3rd ventricles but normal 4th) - stenosis of cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
abnormally large head, vomiting (^ICP), diff swallowing, transillumination of skull
Arnold chiari malformation
Anterior cleft palate (uni/bilateral)
Lateral palatine process (secondary palate) + primary palate
Post cleft palate
lateral palatine processes, each other & nasal septum
Lateral palatine processes & primary palate, with each & nasal septum
Ant & post cleft palate
Maxillary prominence & intermaxillary segment (fused med nasal prom)
cleft lip
L/R maxillary prominence & intermaxillary segment
unilateral cleft upper lip
both maxillary prominences & intermaxillary segment
bilateral cleft upper lip
Aneurysm to AICA
6, 7, 8
2 medial nasal prominences (dont form intermax seg)
Usually assoc w/varying loss of midline structs (holoprosencephaly, single incisor teeth, absent nasal septum, single eye)
*very small looking on image
median cleft upper lip
medial nasal prominences (mandib prom mesenchyme)
median cleft lower lip
Fail of migration of NCCs into 1st arch
Micrognathia (underdeveloped jaw, hypoplasia of mandible), ~50% cleft palate, underdeveloped zygoma, conductive hearing loss - malformed pinna, drooping lateral part of lower eyelid
1st arch Treacher collins
oblique facial cleft (visible nasolacrimal duct, noticeable gap in upper lip)
maxillary prom & lateral nasal prom
Failure of 2nd groove & cervical sinus to obliterate, ant border of SCM
external cervical branchial sinus
micrognathia/retrognathia, glossoptosis (large tongue), cleft palate, probs w/feeding & resp distress
1st arch Pierre Robin Sequence
persistent prox part of 2nd pouch, open into tonsillar fossa or near palatpharyngeal arch
internal cervical branchial cyst
cystic swelling ant to SCM @ angle of mandible, painless
cervical branchial cyst
remnant of thyroglossal duct, soft ant midline cervical mass, moveable (moves when asked to protrude tongue)
thyroglossal duct cyts & sinus
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