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Wei Wei Sun Physical science exam 3: chapters 6,7,8

Terms in this set (133)

-absolutely no molecular motion
-no more energy to make up
-no volume
At absolute zero, a substance has...
0 K (kelvin)
-273 degrees Celsius
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of...
expands
If water at 4°C slightly decreases in temperature, the water
like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water
Water at 4°C will sink to the bottom of a pond because
contracts
If water at 0°C slightly increases in temperature, the water
expands
If water at 20°C slightly increases in temperature, the water
-warmer water
-melting of ice on land that flows into the oceans
The rise in ocean levels is due to
warmed and cooled
The density of water at 4°C will slightly decrease when it is
Heat
thermal energy flowing form hot to cold
the energy per molecule is high, but the total energy transferred is small
White-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because
Joules and calories
Heat has units of
4190
The number of joules in 1 kilocalorie is
50 calories
Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires
greater
If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change in the 1-liter container will be
calories
Joules
Calories
Thermal energy is measured in
at or around 30 degrees Celsius
The final temperature of 1 liter of 40°C water poured into 1 liter of 20°C water is
High specific heat capacity
The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with water's
-requires a lot of energy for an change in temperature.
-releases a lot of energy in cooling
-absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature
To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water
low specific heat capacity
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a
low specific heat capacity
The fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a
high specific heat capacities
Materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of vibrations and rotations have
32 F
O C
The temperature of melting ice is
Translational
The motion of atoms and molecules that most affects temperature is
1 Kelvin
Which of these gives the lowest temperature?
Kinetic Energy
Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular
Kelvin scale
A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the
1st law
Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems?
increases as work is done on it
When Paul compresses air with a tire pump, the temperature of the compressed air
increases
When you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater, their temperature
-temperature
-pressure
-thermal energy
When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove, air in the can undergoes an increase in
rotational
transilational
vibrational
The motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are
thermal equilibrium
Thermometer can measure the temperature of the object by
false
when ice that floats in water melts. the surrounding water level will rise.
Melting
phase change from solid to liquid
Condensation
phase change from gas to liquid
Evaporation
phase change from liquid to gas
Freezing
phase change from liquid to solid
Sublimation
phase change from solid to gas
Radiation
the transfer of thermal energy by molecular and electron collision within a substance.
Conduction
the transfer of energy by means of electromagnetic waves
Convection
the transfer of thermal energy in gas or liquid by means of currents in the heated fluid
prevent boiling
Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to
energy carried away by steam
When water boils, energy added to the water is counteracted by
beneath the water surface
Boiling is the process of evaporation
a lower temperature than at sea level
Water boils on top of mountains at
Evaporation
After taking a shower and stepping outside the shower stall, the chill you often feel is mainly due to
the more energetic molecules escape the liquid.
Evaporation is a cooling process because
-are at lower temperature
-less energetic
-have decreased average speeds
When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules remaining in the water
100g of steam at 100°C
Which would burn your skin the most?
ice melts
The temperature at which water freezes is the same as the temperature at which
release energy
As water changes to ice, water molecules
Radiation
The planet Earth loses heat primarily by
looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms
Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to
-when it is cold
-when it is hot
-at room temperature
woods a poor conductor when...
is a better insulator than tile
Your bare feet feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug
cools
If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it
increases
When air is compressed, its temperature
both density and pressure
Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less
lowered
When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing occurs is
contains excess water vapor and carbon dioxide
The atmosphere becomes opaque to infrared radiation when it
low frequencies
Glass in a florist's greenhouse blocks radiation of relatively
condensation
In a muggy region, the extra warmth you often feel is mainly due to
slows heat flow
In practice, a good insulator
convection
Coastal winds that shift from night to day illustrate
both temperature and thermal energy decrease
If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its
radiant energy invisible to humans
An infrared thermometer operates by way of
-higher the frequency of the emitter radiation
-shorter the wavelength it radiates
The higher the temperature of an object, the
-Sun
-Earth
-you and your classmates
The higher the temperature of an object, the
shorter wavelength
The higher the frequency of a wave, the
silver
To minimize heat loss it is best that a teapot be
temperature of the emitter
Peak frequency as noted on a radiation curve is directly proportional to the
your temperature
A block of wood and a block of copper will feel neither hot nor cold to your touch when they each have
Conduct poorly
In terms of transferring heat, red-hot wooden coals
the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains.
A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because
fluids
The process of convection occurs in
cools
If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it
black pot
Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a
lower than its surroundings
A blueberry pie will be a net absorber of energy when its temperature is
Radiation
The planet Earth loses heat primarily by
water left behind is cool
To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the
light molecules
Which moves faster in a gas at the same temperature?
release energy
As water changes to ice, water molecules
lower the freezing point of water
Foreign ions introduced to water
Ohms
resistance
volts
electric potential
Kilowatt-hour
electric energy
Watts
power
Amperes
electric current
less total resistance
Compared to the resistance of two resistors connected in series, the same two resistors connected in parallel have
Increases
As more lamps are put into a parallel circuit, the overall current in the power source
2 ohms
A pair of 1-ohm resistors connected in series has a combined resistance of
1/2 ohm
A pair of 1-ohm resistors connected in parallel has a combined resistance of
decrease
As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall current in the power source
more current
Compared to a single lamp connected to a battery, two lamps connected in parallel to the same battery will draw
its charges have been rearranged
To say that an object is electrically polarized is to say
either positively or negatively
A balloon will stick to a wooden wall if the balloon is charged
-pushes negative charge in the wall away from it
-pulls positive charge on the wall surface toward it
-polarizes molecules in the wall
A negatively-charged balloon touching a wooden wall
repel or attract
A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electric forces
-magnitude of electrical charges
-separation distance between electric charges
The electric force between charges depends on the
quadruples
When the distance between two charges is halved, the electric force between the charges
4 N
Two charged particles 1 m apart exert a 1-N force on each other. If the magnitude of each charge is doubled, the force on each particle will be
Negatively charged
When you scuff electrons from a carpet onto your shoes, you become
a rubber rod
Which of these, all of the same length, has the greater electrical resistance
zero
The electric resistance of a superconductor is
electrons that surround the nucleus
In an electrically neutral atom the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of
negatively charged
As you comb your hair, electrons are rubbed onto the comb, which becomes
Benjamin Franklin
Which of these scientists pioneered the study of electricity?
loosely bound
Charge carriers in a metal are electrons rather than protons because electrons are
can neither be created nor destroyed
To say that electric charge is conserved is to say that electric charge
positively charged
When you remove electrons from a metal cup, the cup becomes
they are attracted by an equal number of protons
The vast numbers of electrons in a coin don't fly off the surface because
very much less
Compared to the mass of a proton, the mass of an electron is
electrons
The electric current in a copper wire is normally composed of
uniform
The electric field between oppositely-charged parallel plates is
a positively-charged particle
The direction of an electric field is defined as the direction of force on
10 V
If you do 10 J of work to push 1 coulomb of charge into an electric field, its voltage with respect to its starting position is
10 J
It takes 10 J of work to push a charge initially at rest into an electric field. If the charge is then released, it flies back to its initial position with a kinetic energy of
240 W
The electric power of a lamp that carries 2 A at 120 V is
2R
A length of wire has resistance R. The same kind of wire twice as long has resistance
no potential difference is across the birds feet
A bird can sit harmlessly on a high-voltage wire because
excess current
The damage of electrical shock is predominantly due to
-decrease its resistance
-increasing the voltage across it
Current in a conductor can be increased by
dry skin
Electrical resistance is greater for
50 V
The voltage across a 10-ohm resistor carrying a current of 5 A is
$2.20
For electric power that costs 10 cents per kilowatt hour, the cost of operating a 110-V heater that uses 20 A for 10 hours is
potential difference
A sustained flow of electric charge requires
high potential to low potential
Just as water flows from high to low pressure, electric charge flows from
true
with same resistors, a parallel circuit drains the battery quicker than a series circuit.
false
The safety fuse in an electric circuit is properly connected in parallel with the circuit.
false
All the electric devices connect in series have same voltage.
resistance
the property of a material that resists the flow charge
voltage
the difference in potential between tow points
current
flow of charges
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