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World Geography Exam 3

Terms in this set (231)

Zagros Mountains

Arabian plate is its own tectonic plate (Elburz Mtns)

Tectonic movement

Created Zagros and elburz mountains
These mountains are still growing
(Elburz Mtns)

Earthquake hazards

Very high risk area (Elburz Mtns)

Elburz Mountains

Arabian Plate
Tectonic movement
Earthquake hazards

Extra info:
Older and more stable
Highest average precipitation levels in Saudi Arabia (orographic effect)
Wealthy people have summer homes here because of the cooler temperatures

Culture hearth
Sumerian civilization
Babylonian Empire
Euphrates River and Tigris River

Cradle of western civilization
Great culture hearth: Aspects of cultures originate here
Earliest agricultural settlements developed
Need: Fertile soil, fresh water
(MESO)

Sumerian civilization

One of the first groups of people on earth (and from here)
(MESO)

Babylonian Empire

Empire in Mesopotamia which was formed by Hammurabi, the sixth ruler of the invading Amorites (MESO)

Euphrates River and Tigris River

Land between two rivers
(MESO)

Plateau of Saudi Arabia

Ancient Tethys Sea
Process of oil formation
Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)

Ancient Tethys Sea

plateau of saudi arabia

Process of oil formation

Largest oil reserves in Southwest Asia
(plateau of saudi arabia)

Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf)

East of the plateau - oil and gas
Oil and gas concentrated between edge of plateau and here
Area was once under water and is now land, which is why gas and oil is found here and not the plateau
(plateau of saudi arabia)

Plateau of Iran

Environmental effect on population distribution
Dasht-e Loot and Dasht-e Kavir

Environmental effect on population distribution

Most people in Iran live North and West of the plateau
(Plateau of Iran)

Dasht-e Loot and Dasht-e Kavir

Driest area on Earth
Big deserts - hot summers, cold winters
(Plateau of Iran)

Ottoman Empire
World War I
Secular Country
Kurds
European Union
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

Modern Turkey was center of power
By WWI, they only controlled part of Southwest Asia
End of the Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)

no terms? (turkey)

Secular Country

Doesn't designate an official religion
(turkey)

Largest population in Eastern Turkey
State-less nation - if they became their own country, which country would lose territory?
(turkey)

No terms? (turkey)

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

Successful military officer for Ottoman's
Father of the Turks (Ataturk)
Founder of Modern Turkey
(Turkey)

Persian Empire
Farsi language
SAVAK
Islamic Revolution of 1979
Islamic republic
Qu'ran
Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
Dual containment
Nuclear Proliferation
Sunni Islam
Shia Islam
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Pre-dates the Ottoman empire
1930's - Persia to Iran
Monarch title is Shah
(Iran)

Closely related to european languages
(Iran)

Secret police to find threats on power
(Iran)

Islamic Revolution of 1979

Turns into Islamic Republic
(iran)

Islamic republic

Constitution is the Qu'ran
Used to be close with USA, now they're enemies
(iran)

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

Dual containment

Contain threat that country presents
(iran)

Nuclear Proliferation

85% of the world, 10% of Iran
(Iran)

15% of the world, 90% of Iran
(iran)

Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

The last Shah
Friendly toward Allie interests
Started bringing in Western Culture
(iran)

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
Allocational boundary dispute
Operation Desert Storm
United Nations weapons inspections
Weapons of mass destruction
Second Gulf War
Shatt al-Arab
Kuwait
Rumaila Oil Field
Saddam Hussein

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

ADD NOTES (IRAQ)

Allocational boundary dispute

A boundary dispute that involves conflicting claims to the natural resources of a border region. (IRAQ)

Operation Desert Storm

To liberate Kuwait - it took 100 hours
(iraq)

United Nations weapons inspections

To ensure they don't start another war with weapons of mass destruction (iraq)

Weapons of mass destruction

add notes (iraq)

Second Gulf War

add notes (iraq)

Access to Persian Gulf (very narrow)
Wanted to expand their coastline
(iraq)

Kuwait invasion

Allocational boundary dispute (Rumaila oil field)
Dispute of resources that straddle a boundary
(iraq)

1978 - Comes to power
Starts Iran-Iraq war
(iraq)

Environmental damage
War debt repayment

Environmental damage

Iraq took oil bins and put them into the Persian Gulf as they retreated
Largest oil spill in history and it was intentional
Iraq put bombs on oil tanks (700 of them) and 580 of them caught fire
(kuwait)

War debt repayment

15-17 billion dollars
Repaid debt very quickly because of oil
(kuwait)

Proven oil reserves
Absolute monarchy
Wahhabism
Social welfare

Proven oil reserves

Second largest proven oil reserves
Most influential country for oil prices
Larger production field
(Saudi Arabia)

Absolute monarchy

All power originates with the king
(Saudi Arabia)

Strict interpretation of sunni islam (official religion)
(Saudi Arabia)

Extensive services (health care, education, etc. and utilities, water, gas, etc.)
Little to no taxes - all subsidized by tax money
(Saudi Arabia)

Associated natural gas
Non-associated natural gas
North field

Associated natural gas

Gas and oil
(Qatar)

Non-associated natural gas

Just gas
(Qatar)

There is non-associated gas here
3rd largest proven reserves of natural gas on the planet
(Qatar)

United Arab Emirates

Emirate
Five Pillars of Islam
Zakat
Abu Dhabi
Dubai

Made up of 7 emirates
(United arab)

Five Pillars of Islam

Zakat - giving to charity (2.5% of income)
(united arab)

The largest emirate
Most powerful
Most oil located here
(united arab)

Next most powerful
Major center for trade and commerce
Tallest building on the planet
(united arab)

Maritime tradition
Navigable channel
Strait of Hormuz
Musandam Peninsula

Maritime tradition

Married (?) to the sea
Brought Islam to where they explored
(Oman)

Navigable channel

Musandam peninsula gives control of the navigable channel. Channel is called the strait of hormuz.
20% of the world's oil supply goes through here
(Oman)

Strait of Hormuz

Musandam Peninsula

USS Cole bombing of 2000
al-Qaeda
Bab-el Mandeb
Aden

USS Cole bombing of 2000

Put this area on the map as a place of concern
Al-Qaeda bombed U.S. ship
13 million people in danger of starving
Due to the war and fighting
(Yemen)

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.
(yemen)

Known as Mandeb Strait (on Yemen's left coast)
Connects Europe and Asia via sea
(yemen)

Port city
USS Cole bombing
(yemen)

Zionism
League of Nations mandate
UN Partition Plan
Free city
1948 Arab Israeli War
1967 Six-Day War
Occupied Territories
1978 Camp David Accords
International law
Palestinian Authority
Hamas
Palestine
Jerusalem
West Bank
Gaza Strip
East Jerusalem
Golan Heights
Sinai Peninsula

Movement to create jewish state (Israel)
Originally the territory of palestine
(Israel)

League of Nations mandate

Enacted after WWI, precursor to United Nations
Mandates were meant to stay until countries could become independent
Balfour declaration was coming to light in the original state of the jews
Became the United Nations Partition Plan
(Israel)

UN Partition Plan

add notes (israel)

1948 Arab Israeli War

Israeli gets control of 72% of the mandate

1967 Six-Day War

Out-numbered Arabs, so Israel gets control of:
West Bank, East Jerusalem (Jordan)
Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula (Egypt)
Golan heights (Syria)
(Israel)

Palestinian Authority

Turn over areas to palestines
Hamas won election in Gaza
(israel)

Most fought over city on the planet
Holiest city for big 3 religions
Free city under United Nations control (doesn't belong to one group)
(israel)

add notes (israel)

add notes (israel)

add notes (israel)

add notes (israel)

Sinai Peninsula

add notes (israel)

Palestinian refugees
Right of return

Palestinian refugees

Largest number of palestinian refugees fled to Jordan
(Jordan)

Right of return

Palestinians want them coming back to where they left them
(jordan)

Syrian Civil War
Alawites (Alawis)
Chemical weapons
Bashar al-Assad

Syrian Civil War

Still happening today

Alawites (Alawis)

add notes (syria)

Chemical weapons (syria)

Bashar al-Assad

Ran dictatorship, part of a minority group in Syria called Alawites

Minority rule
Lebanese Civil War
Banking and finance industry
Hezbollah
Beirut

Doesn't work with democracy
(lebanon)

Lebanese Civil War

Financial institutions left
(lebanon)

Banking and finance industry

add notes (lebanon)

add notes (lebanon)

Paris of the middle east
Financial and banking industry
(lebanon)

Different ranges (listed below) make up the Pamir Knot
Tectonic activity
Indian subcontinent
Orogenesis

Tectonic activity

Indian subcontinent is still pushing into Asia today
High risk for earthquakes
(Pamir Knot)

Indian subcontinent

add notes (kamir knot)

Highest mountains on the planet
Most recent, still happening
(Pamir Knot)

Soviet invasion (1979-1988)
Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare

Nothing standard, element of surprise and mobility, etc
(hindu kush)

Mountains of heaven
Translates into Mountains of Heaven
Because of the high elevations (reached the heavens)

Plateau of Tibet
Lowest of the ranges
Northern edge of the plateau of Tibet (roof of the world)
Largest and highest

Highest mountain peak on the entire planet (on the border of China and Nepal)
Highest elevations above sea level on the planet
(himalayas)

Northeast China Plain

Manchurian Plain

Manchurian Plain

Another name, but China doesn't use this name because the last dynasty to rule over China was started here (N. E. China Plain)

North China Plain

Culture hearth
Loess

Culture hearth (N. China Plain)

Cradle of eastern civilization (similar to Mesopotamia)

Loess soils - deposits built up by wind
(N. China Plain)

Yellow river
Wheat

Another name for the Huang He River

Dominant crop
(Huang He)

Yangtze river
Wheat
Rice
Hydrophyte
Cotton
Silk production
Three Gorges Dam

Longest river in all of Asia (another name for Chang Jiang)

Climate suitable for rice cultivation
Rice is referred to hydrophyte (water loving plant)
(Chang Jiang)

Textile Industry
(Chang Jiang)

Silk production

Mulberry trees feed the chinese silk worms, which is tied to the silk industry and production
(Chang Jiang)

Three Gorges Dam

Largest on the planet (hydroelectric)
Satisfies 3% of energy needed
(Chang Jiang)

People's Republic of China

Continuous agricultural civilization
Imperial dynasty
Spheres of influence
Nationalists
Communists
Long March
Great leap forward
Collective farming
Famine
Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution
United Nations Security Council
"Communism with a Chinese face"
One-child policy
Female infanticide
Superpower
The Great Wall of China
Deng Xiaopeng

Continuous agricultural civilization

8,000 years people have been here continuously
Accurate written record for the past 4,000 years
(china)

Imperial dynasty

First imperial dynasty was the Qin Dynasty
Qin Dynasty built the Great Wall of China
(china)

Spheres of influence

Areas of economic control
Last Weakening
(china)

Led by Sun Yat-Sen
Overthrew the last empire, end to the imperial system
After Dr. Sun dies, Chiang Kai-Shek takes over
(china)

Nationalist pursue communists
Mao Zedong - leader of communists. Declares victory.
(china)

Great leap forward

Push economy to be modern - collective farming and steel
Massive failure
30 million people starved to death during the famine of this time
(china)

Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution

Effort to get rid of long-standing traditions
He suppressed opposition (little red book)
(china)

One-child policy

Was only supposed to apply to Han people on paper, but then it applied to everyone
Today it is a two-child policy
Male children are favored because males take care of his parents when they are elderly
Today the ratio of male to female is 1.15:1
(china)

Female infanticide

Because of the one-child policy and because males are favored in Chinese culture, this led to female infanticide and families abandoning female newborns and leaving them out to die
(china)

China is the next great Superpower

Communism with a Chinese face - hybrid approach
China - largest economy on the planet
Largest population

International recognition
Renegade province
Extra info: Nationalists fled to Taiwan

International recognition

Not many countries recognize Taiwan (USA doesn't)

Renegade province

China considers Taiwan to be a renegade province that will be brought back one day

Isolationism
Expansionism/imperialism
Population pyramid
Stages of development
Immigration policy
Nation-state
Tsunami
Tokyo

1850: Closed off and stuck in the past
USN makes them open for trade
Reached out to British for help with industrialization
(japan)

Expansionism/imperialism

Took control of surrounding areas
Launched attack on Pearl Harbor
1980: Reached its peak - second largest economy on the planet
(japan)

Population pyramid

Population is decreasing and getting older
(japan)

Immigration policy

One of the most restrictive immigration policies on the planet
(japan)

99% ethnically Japanese

Large waves created by earthquake
(japan)

Largest urban concentration
(japan)

Post-World War II division
38th Parallel
Korean War
Cease-fire
Rogue state
Nuclear arms development
Kim Il Sung
Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Un

Korea divided at the 38th Parallel
North: Given to the Soviet Union
South: Given to United States

Today the boundary is on the cease-fire line
Signed a cease-fire in 1953
Still haven't signed a truce yet
(s.n. korea)

North Korea is called this because they invaded South Korea and failed

Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, Kim Jong Un

Grandpa, Dad, Son, in power today

Population density
Landlocked state
Buffer state

Population density

Least densely populated country on the planet
3 people per square mile
This is because of its continental location
Dry, desert and subarctic areas
(mongolia)

Landlocked state

Between Russia and China
(Mongolia)

Weak country that is sandwiched between two strong countries
(mongolia)

British Empire
Islam
Hinduism
Monotheism
Polytheism
Indirect rule
Disputed territory
Forward capital
Nuclear weapons
Radical Islamic fundamentalism
India
Bangladesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Karachi
Islamabad
Punjab
Northwest Frontier

Previously park of the British Empire
One of the most valuable areas
(pakistan)

Minority of the population (British favors Islam, though)
(pakistan)

Majority of the population
(pakistan)

One God
Example: Islam
(pakistan)

Many Gods
Example: Hinduism
(pakistan)

Sign treaties locally
Develop economy is the British's main concern
(pakistan)

Disputed territory

Jammu and Kashmir
(pakistan)

Forward capital

Islamabad
Similar to the forward capital in Brazil (Brasilia)
(pakistan)

Nuclear weapons

Successfully tested Nuclear weapons
(pakistan)

Jammu and Kashmir

Territory ruled by Hindu Prince, opted for independence
5 wards over this territory
India and Pakistan claim territories are their own
(pakistan)

Largest city in Pakistan

Capital is placed here to strengthen the claim on Jammu and Kashmir (Central location)
Forward capital
(pakistan)

Cultural core
(pakistan)

Northwest Frontier

Radical Islamic Fundamentalism
(pakistan)

British Empire
Infrastructure
Subsistence agriculture
Land reform
Green Revolution
Textile industry
Computer technology
"Brain drain"
Expatriate workers
Remittances
Hinduism
Buddhism
Overpopulation
Government-mandated birth control
Mohandas Gandhi
Prince Siddhartha Gautama

Previously part of the British Empire
Made more investments in infrastructure here
(india)

Subsistence agriculture

Living off the land
The need for land reform
Dedicate more land for rice cultivation than any other country on the planet
(india)

Green Revolution

Mixed success
Big gains in total food production
(india)

Computer technology

Bangalore (comparable to Silicon Valley)
Hardware and software
India has more colleges/universities than any country
(india)

Educated people leaving developing countries for developed ones
(india)

Expatriate workers

Go and work in Southwest Asia on oil fields and then send the money they make back home
(india)

Working in another country and then sending the money back home to your home country
(india)

Birthplace of hinduism
(india)

Birthplace of Buddhism
(india)

Prince Siddhartha Gautama

Buddhism was founded by him
(india)

East Pakistan (1947-1971)
Fragmented state
Population density
Wet Monsoon season
Tropical cyclones
Pakistan
India
Bay of Bengal

East Pakistan (1947-1971)

Previously known as East Pakistan
(Bangladesh)

Fragmented state

Broke away as a fragmented state in a brief but violent war
(Bangladesh)

Population density (Bangladesh)

Most densely populated country
160 million people trying to live off the land

Wet Monsoon season

High risk for flooding (long term and seasonal flooding)
(Bangladesh)

Tropical cyclones

Prime for tropical cyclones - wind, storm surge
(Bangladesh)

Extra info
Nestled in the himalayas

Buffer state
Physical isolation
Monarchy
Himalayas
Mount Everest

Buffer state (Nepal)

Buffer for China and India
They've long had influence from India

Sinhalese
Indo-European language family
Buddhism
Tamil
Dravidian language family
Hinduism
Civil War
Insurgent state
Tropical plantation agriculture
Tea
Eelam

Majority
Indo-european language
Buddhism
(Sri Lanka)

Minority
Dravidan language
Hinduism
British brought in Tamil people to work the tea farms, and then Tamil tried for independence
(Sri Lanka)

Insurgent state

Called Eelam - it failed
In 2006, Sri Lanka regained control

The combined effect of what 3 phenomena results in the islands of Southeast Asia being one of the wettest regions in the entire world?

THE MONSOONS, THE ITCZ (INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE), AND TYPHOONS/CYCLONES

What became the most important crop in Southeast Asia due to its ability to thrive in the standing water and flooding brought by the monsoon rains?

What is described as one of the most fragile and yet most important ecosystems in Southeast Asia due to the protection it provides for coastal landscapes and the space it provides for a variety of fish species? What threats endanger this critical ecosystem (Use 10.1 and the caption for Figure 10.1.2 to help)?

MANGROVES; SEA-LEVEL RISE AND HUMAN ENCROACHMENT ON THEIR HABITATS

Plate tectonic activity and the collision zones in the area resulted in mountain building and volcanic activity that have created thousands of islands that comprise which two Southeast Asian countries?

INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES

What product is an important biofuel produced by the countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand?

What sort of benefits to the volcanic eruptions of Southeast Asia contribute, in particular, to the Indonesian island of Java?

RICH VOLCANIC SOILS

What river, Southeast Asia's longest waterway, and is valuable for transportation/trade, irrigation, hydroelectricity, and fishing?

What line, running between the Indonesian islands of Bali and Lombok, marks the division between mainland Southeast Asian animals and Australian animals where an ocean trench prevented these two different communities of species from mixing?

Deforestation is described as Southeast Asia's most significant region-wide environmental problem. What are the negative impacts of deforestation seen in Southeast Asia?

LOSS OF SPECIES HABITAT, FLOODING AND SOIL EROSION, AND SMOKE AND POLLUTION FROM FOREST BURNING

What kingdom conquered the Khmer Empire in the 14th century and competed with neighboring kingdoms for control of mainland Southeast Asia for the next four centuries?

Using Figure 10.16 on page 58, indicate which European power dominated each of the following modern Southeast Asian countries (different answers for each one): Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia (you may need to refer to Figure 10.1 on page 44 to determine which country is which)

MALAYSIA - BRITISH VIETNAM - FRENCH INDONESIA - DUTCH

What modern Southeast Asian country maintained its political independence during the colonial period in Southeast Asia?

THAILAND (SIAM)

What massive temple complex, a center point for the Khmer kingdom between the 9th and 15th centuries C.E., is currently designated as a UNESCO heritage site? What presentday country is home to this site?

The new seed varieties that were uniformly planted during the Green Revolution were extremely vulnerable to what types of devastating agents?

DISEASES AND PESTS

High levels of what kind of investment make Southeast Asia vulnerable to changes in the global economy? What can limit investment in Southeast Asia from countries like Japan, Germany, and the United States?

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI); ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS IN INVESTING COUNTRIES

In the Johor-Singapore-Riau Growth Triangle model in Figure 10.22 on page 64, what six characteristics does Singapore contribute to the region's complementarity?

CAPITAL, SKILLED LABOR, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, ACCESS TO WORLD MARKETS, ADVANCED PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, ADVANCED COMMERCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

High levels of what kind of investment make Southeast Asia vulnerable to changes in the global economy? What can limit investment in Southeast Asia from countries like Japan, Germany, and the United States?

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI); ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS IN INVESTING COUNTRIES

Define crony capitalism and kleptocracy

CRONY CAPITALISM - LEADERS ALLOW FRIENDS AND FAMILY TO CONTROL THE ECONOMY KLEPTOCRACY - LEADERS DIVERT NATIONAL RESOURCES FOR THEIR PERSONAL GAIN

What minority ethnic group was forced to flee Laos after fighting for the United States during the CIA-led covert war in that country?

In what country did the "Killing Fields" result in the deaths of millions of people, or one-quarter of the country's population at the time? Who was the leader responsible for directing this?

CAMBODIA; POL POT

What 1991 Nobel Peace Prize winner was kept under house arrest by Burma's ruling government from 1989-2011? What provision of the constitution disallows her from becoming President of Burma?

AUNG SAN SUU KYI; THE CONSTITUTION BARS PEOPLE WITH FOREIGN-BORN CHILDREN FROM BEING PRESIDENT

Define pancasila. What country used it in an attempt to unify the numerous islands and cultures?

UNITY IN DIVERSITY THROUGH BELIEF IN ONE GOD, NATIONALISM, HUMANITARIANISM, DEMOCRACY, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE; INDONESIA

What country was occupied by Indonesia after Portugal gave up colonial control of it in 1976 (independence was finally successful in 2002)?

Using Figure 10.29 on page 69, indicate what country's southern islands are plagued by an Islamic rebellion seeking a separate state.

What Southeast Asian country is the world's most populous Islamic country?

Using Figure 10.35 on page 72, what language family dominates the insular (island) countries of Southeast Asia?

MALAYO-POLYNESIAN

Define matrilocality. In general, do women possess MORE or LESS authority within Southeast Asian families compared to many other world regions?

MARRIED COUPLES MOVE INTO THE WIFE'S FAMILY HOME; GENERALLY THEY HAVE MORE AUTHORITY IN THE FAMILY THAN WOMEN IN OTHER REGIONS

What three theoretical factors, supported by Southeast Asia data, are associated with fertility decline?

HIGHER INCOME, LOWER INFANT MORTALITY, AND HIGHER STATUS OF WOMEN

What three countries are parts of the Golden Triangle? What two drugs have either historically or currently been associated with this region?

BURMA, LAOS, THAILAND; HEROIN AND METHAMPHETAMINE

What program, initiated by Indonesia in 1950, was intended to redistribute populations from densely settled Java in order to reduce civil unrest, increase food production in peripheral areas, and further goals of regional development/national integration and the spread of the official Indonesian language?

The largest numbers of Southeast Asian labor migrants work in what other region of the world (answered in the text, but you can use Figure 10.45 (b) on page 80 to help)?

THE MIDDLE EAST (OR SOUTHWEST ASIA AS YOU LEARNED TO CALL THIS REGION IN CLASS)

Which Southeast Asian cities are two of the world's 30 largest urban areas? What serious problems of overurbanization have emerged in these cities and other large ones in Southeast Asia?

MANILA AND JAKARTA; INSUFFICIENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, INADEQUATE WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE PROBLEMS, AND DEFICIENT HOUSING

What theory held that the communist takeover of South Vietnam would lead to the spread of communism throughout Southeast Asia? What country sent military advisers to South Vietnam in 1955 as a result of this theory?

DOMINO THEORY; THE UNITED STATES

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