Midterm two: (review One)

Taxonomy diagrams
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Terms in this set (21)
Taxonomy diagrams
Nodes: the last point at which the new lineages shared a common ancestor.can also be a speciation event.
Taxa: the tips of the tree are taxa (usually species).
Upwelling areas
deep, cold, acidic, rich in nutrients.
Water molecules and distance
water molecules are closest to each other at 4 degrees Celsius. O degrees is slightly less dense than 4 degree water.
How does waters surface tension work
a mudskipper doesn't have enough weight to break hydrogen bonds between water at the surface of the water because water is polar.
Sources of salt and water in the ocean
Salt=chemical weathering of rocks, volcanoes, hydrothermal vents. Water: rivers, precipitation, iceberg.
Water surface tension of water
water molecules at the surface do not bind to other water molecules above them
Viscosity
measure of force needed to separate molecules and break the H bonds and allow an object to pass through a liquid.
As a result of the Coriolis effect, a missile fired southward from the equator will seem to be deflected toward the
east
Coriolis overview
objects in north are deflected right, southern appear to deflect to left. increases with latitude and zero at equator.
thermohaline circulation
driven by differences in density from temperature and salinity, and produces deep currents. starts near pole in north and cold salty water sinks. surface water moves to replace and creates a current. deep water moves south and recharges around edge of Antarctica and splits to Indian and Pacific Ocean. dense water displace the older deeper water and upwells.
What would an increase in global temperatures result inthe thermohaline circulation could weaken and transport less heat from the equator to polar waters and Western Europe could get colder.wave mechanicsthe depth to which waves produce noticeable motion is about one half the wavelength. usually no greater than 50m because wavelengths shouldn't get above 100m. when wave height is greater than 1/7th of wavelength, wave is unstableDownwellingwater builds up and surface water eventually sinks toward bottom. nutrients aren't resupplied by the nutrient rich deep water. allows for deep ocean ventilation to occur because these waters bring dissolved oxygen down.Plates spread apartcreates mid ocean ridgesWhen one plate sinks under another platevolcano island arcs, and (ocean trenches?)When two plates slide past each othertransform boundaryMid ocean ridges vs ocean trenchesMid ocean ridges are formed by seafloor spreading and oceanic trenches are formed by subductionChlorophyll aused as a measure of standing crop of phytoplankton because it is a direct measure of photosynthesis present in total biomass.Surface area to volume ratioas an animal gets larger, its volume increases much faster than its surface does. small=large surface area to volume ratio. large= small surface area to volume ratioplankton sizecyanobacteria smallest, then coccolithophores, then diatoms, then dinoflagellates.plankton descriptionscyanobacteria: bacteria. Dinoflagellates: harmful algal blooms. Diatoms: most abundant, silica. Coccolithophores: warm and temperate seas. covered with plates.